A magnetic material has: multiple soft magnetic alloy grains that contain Fe, element L (where element L is Si, Zr, or Ti), and element M (where element M is not Si, Zr, or Ti, and oxidizes more easily than Fe); a first oxide film that contains element L and covers each of the multiple soft magnetic alloy grains; a second oxide film that contains element M and covers the first oxide film; a third oxide film that contains element L and covers the second oxide film; a fourth oxide film that contains Fe and covers the third oxide film; and bonds that are constituted by parts of the fourth oxide film and that bond the multiple soft magnetic alloy grains together.

A magnetic material has: multiple soft magnetic alloy grains that contain Fe, element L (where element L is Si, Zr, or Ti), and element M (where element M is not Si, Zr, or Ti, and oxidizes more easily than Fe); a first oxide film that contains element L and covers each of the multiple soft magnetic alloy grains; a second oxide film that contains element M and covers the first oxide film; a third oxide film that contains element L and covers the second oxide film; a fourth oxide film that contains Fe and covers the third oxide film; and bonds that are constituted by parts of the fourth oxide film and that bond the multiple soft magnetic alloy grains together.

The invention provides a process for exfoliating a 3-dimensional layered material to produce a 2-dimensional material, said process comprising the steps of mixing the layered material in a solvent to provide a mixture; applying energy, for example ultrasound, to said mixture, and removing the energy applied to the mixture, such that sedimentation of the 2-dimensional material out of solution as a weakly re-aggregated, exfoliated 2-dimensional material is produced. The invention provides a fast, simple and high yielding process for separating 3-dimensional layered materials into individual 2-dimensional layers or flakes, which do not strongly re-aggregate, without utilising hazardous solvents.

The invention provides a process for exfoliating a 3-dimensional layered material to produce a 2-dimensional material, said process comprising the steps of mixing the layered material in a solvent to provide a mixture; applying energy, for example ultrasound, to said mixture, and removing the energy applied to the mixture, such that sedimentation of the 2-dimensional material out of solution as a weakly re-aggregated, exfoliated 2-dimensional material is produced. The invention provides a fast, simple and high yielding process for separating 3-dimensional layered materials into individual 2-dimensional layers or flakes, which do not strongly re-aggregate, without utilising hazardous solvents.

Nanoplatelet forms of metal hydroxide and metal oxide are provided, as well as methods for preparing same. The nanoplatelets are suitable for use as fire retardants and as agents for chemical or biological decontamination.

Nanoplatelet forms of metal hydroxide and metal oxide are provided, as well as methods for preparing same. The nanoplatelets are suitable for use as fire retardants and as agents for chemical or biological decontamination.

Provided are particle size-controlled, chromium oxide particles or composite particles of iron oxide-chromium alloy and chromium oxide; a preparation method thereof; and use thereof, in which the chromium oxide particles or the composite particles of iron oxide-chromium alloy and chromium oxide having a desired particle size are prepared in a simpler and more efficient manner by using porous carbon material particles having a large pore volume as a sacrificial template. When the chromium oxide particles or the composite particles of iron oxide-chromium alloy and chromium oxide thus obtained are applied to gas-phase and liquid-phase catalytic reactions, they are advantageous in terms of diffusion of reactants due to particle uniformity, high-temperature stability may be obtained, and excellent reaction results may be obtained under severe reaction environment.

Nanoplatelet forms of metal hydroxide and metal oxide are provided, as well as methods for preparing same. The nanoplatelets are suitable for use as fire retardants and as agents for chemical or biological decontamination.

A method for directly preparing a trivalent chromium compound by electrochemical oxidation of ferrochrome is provided. The method includes: putting ferrochrome as an anode, and placing the anode into an electrolyte solution containing a complexing agent together with a cathode, then turning on a power supply for electrolysis reaction so that chromium and iron in ferrochrome are directly converted into free Cr.sup.3+ and Fe.sup.3+ respectively, allowing one of Cr.sup.3+ and fe.sup.3+ to form a stable soluble metal complex together with the complexing agent, and allowing the other of Cr.sup.3+ and Fe.sup.3+ to form a metal hydroxide solid together with OH.sup. generated by electrolysis reaction, so as to obtain an electrolysis completion slurry. Compared with the prior art, the present application has no hexavalent chromium salt stage, thereby shortening the process flow and avoiding the generation of chromium-containing waste residue.

A method for directly preparing a trivalent chromium compound by electrochemical oxidation of ferrochrome is provided. The method includes: putting ferrochrome as an anode, and placing the anode into an electrolyte solution containing a complexing agent together with a cathode, then turning on a power supply for electrolysis reaction so that chromium and iron in ferrochrome are directly converted into free Cr.sup.3+ and Fe.sup.3+ respectively, allowing one of Cr.sup.3+ and fe.sup.3+ to form a stable soluble metal complex together with the complexing agent, and allowing the other of Cr.sup.3+ and Fe.sup.3+ to form a metal hydroxide solid together with OH.sup. generated by electrolysis reaction, so as to obtain an electrolysis completion slurry. Compared with the prior art, the present application has no hexavalent chromium salt stage, thereby shortening the process flow and avoiding the generation of chromium-containing waste residue.