A process for producing a metal-molybdate material is provided. The process includes a step of reacting a metal molybdenum (Mo) material in a liquid medium with a first acid to provide a Mo composition and combining the Mo composition with a metal source to provide a metal-Mo composition. The metal-Mo composition can be pH adjusted with a base to precipitate a plurality of metal-Mo particulates.

The present disclosure provides a metal compound. The metal compound is represented by a formula (I): Cu.sub.2A.sub.?B.sub.2-?O.sub.4-? (I). A contains at least one element selected from the groups 6 and 8 of the periodic table. B contains at least one element selected from the group 13 of the periodic table, 0<?<2, and 0<?<1.5. Polymer article containing the metal compound and method for preparing the polymer article as well as selective metallization of a surface of the polymer article are also provided. In addition, the present disclosure provides an ink composition and the selective metallization for a surface of the insulative substrate using the ink composition.

According to one embodiment, there is provided an active substance. The active substance includes particles of niobium titanium composite oxide and a phase including a carbon material. The niobium titanium composite oxide is represented by Ti.sub.1xM1.sub.xNb.sub.2yM2.sub.yO.sub.7. The phase is formed on at least a part of the surface of the particles. The carbon material shows, in a Raman chart obtained by Raman spectrometry, a G band observed at from 1530 to 1630 cm.sup.1 and a D band observed at from 1280 to 1380 cm.sup.1. A ratio I.sub.G/I.sub.D between a peak intensity I.sub.G of the G band and a peak intensity I.sub.D of the D band is from 0.8 to 1.2.

A cathode composition for a sodium-ion battery. The cathode composition may have the formula NaCr.sub.1-xM.sub.xO.sub.2, where M is one or more metal elements, and x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.

A supported molded catalyst having increased hardness, the supported molded catalyst being capable of improving the long-term stability of a reaction for producing a conjugated diolefin by catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation from a mixed gas including a monoolefin having 4 or more carbon atoms and molecular oxygen; and a method for producing the catalyst is provided. A molded catalyst for conjugated diolefin production, the molded catalyst being a catalyst for producing a conjugated diolefin by a catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation reaction from a mixed gas including a monoolefin having 4 or more carbon atoms and molecular oxygen, and being produced by molding a composite metal oxide and a glass fiber-like inorganic auxiliary agent.

A coated substrate is provided that comprises: a substrate; and a barrier coating comprising a compound having the formula: Ln.sub.2ABO.sub.s, where Ln comprises scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, or mixtures thereof; A comprises Si, Ti, Ge, Sn, Ce, Hf, Zr, or a combination thereof; and B comprises Mo, W, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, B comprises Mo.

The present invention relates to a strontium magnesium molybdenum oxide material having perovskite structure and the method for preparing the same. Citric acid is adopted as the chelating agent. By using sol-gel pyrolysis and replacing a portion of strontium in Sr.sub.2MgMoO.sub.6- by cerium and a portion of magnesium by copper, a material with a chemical formula of Sr.sub.2-xCe.sub.xMg.sub.1-yCu.sub.yMoO.sub.6- is produced, where 0x<2, 0<y<1, and 0<<6. Thereby, the electrical conductivity of the material is improved. The perovskite-type cerium- and copper-replaced strontium magnesium molybdenum oxide significantly increases the electrical conductivity of the material and can be applied as the anode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

The invention relates to Chevrel-phase materials and methods of preparing these materials utilizing a precursor approach. The Chevrel-phase materials are useful in assembling electrodes, e.g., cathodes, for use in electrochemical cells, such as rechargeable batteries. The Chevrel-phase materials have a general formula of Mo.sub.6Z.sub.8 and the precursors have a general formula of M.sub.xMo.sub.6Z.sub.8. The cathode containing the Chevrel-phase material in accordance with the invention can be combined with a magnesium-containing anode and an electrolyte.

A composition comprising a polyoxometalate and an additive tolerant to the properties of the polyoxometalate, wherein the properties of the polyoxometalate are maintained despite the presence of the additive, and wherein the additive is effective to reduce the freezing point and/or elevate the boiling point of the composition. Such a composition may be used in a fuel cell.

The present disclosure provides methods of preparing heterostructures of two or more transition metal dichalcogenides on a surface in a pattern in which the method does not require a mask or blocking agent to create a pattern on the surface. Also provided herein are ink compositions which are used in the methods described herein and include precursor materials that generate these transition metal dichalcogenides.