A method of making an atomic layer nanoribbon that includes forming a double atomic layer ribbon having a first monolayer and a second monolayer on a surface of the first monolayer, wherein the first monolayer and the second monolayer each contains a transition metal dichalcogenide material, oxidizing at least a portion of the first monolayer to provide an oxidized portion, and removing the oxidized portion to provide an atomic layer nanoribbon of the transition metal dichalcogenide material. Also provided are double atomic layer ribbons, double atomic layer nanoribbons, and single atomic layer nanoribbons prepared according to the method.

Provided are the following: a mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles which can conveniently produce a photocatalyst thin film that exhibits photocatalyst activity even with only visible light (400-800 nm) and that exhibits high transparency; a dispersion liquid of the fine particles; a method for producing the dispersion liquid; a photocatalyst thin film; and a member having the photocatalyst thin film on a surface thereof. The mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles is characterized by containing two kinds of titanium dioxide fine particles: first titanium oxide fine particles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component (excluding an iron group element component) that increases visible light response properties form a solid solution, and second titanium oxide fine particles, in which an iron group element component and a chromium group element component form a solid solution.

A method and plant for molybdenum recovery from a low-grade crude ore by low-temperature chlorination, where the molybdenum-bearing fine ore is chlorinated with gaseous chlorine at a temperature of 220-250 C. to form a volatile chloride compound, which after leaving a reactor is directed to a low-temperature nitrogen-oxygen plasma unit having a temperature of 800-1000 C., wherein the said compound decomposes and turns into a high-purity MoO.sub.3 powder or nanopowder, which is cooled with an air stream and collected in a dumping hopper. The invention enables recovery of ultra-high purity MoO.sub.3 (purity of 99.997-99.999%) using an environmental friendly, cost effective, and inexpensive method implemented on an industrial scale.

A method and plant for molybdenum recovery from a low-grade crude ore by low-temperature chlorination, where the molybdenum-bearing fine ore is chlorinated with gaseous chlorine at a temperature of 220-250 C. to form a volatile chloride compound, which after leaving a reactor is directed to a low-temperature nitrogen-oxygen plasma unit having a temperature of 800-1000 C., wherein the said compound decomposes and turns into a high-purity MoO.sub.3 powder or nanopowder, which is cooled with an air stream and collected in a dumping hopper. The invention enables recovery of ultra-high purity MoO.sub.3 (purity of 99.997-99.999%) using an environmental friendly, cost effective, and inexpensive method implemented on an industrial scale.

A hollow fiber (HF) membrane incorporating molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3) nanoparticles. The membrane may be composed of PPSU hollow fibers that are coated or encrusted with MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles and can be made by dry-wet spinning. The hollow fiber membranes containing MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles remove lead, cadmium or other heave metals from waste water and are resistant to attachment of bacteria and fouling.

A hollow fiber (HF) membrane incorporating molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3) nanoparticles. The membrane may be composed of PPSU hollow fibers that are coated or encrusted with MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles and can be made by dry-wet spinning. The hollow fiber membranes containing MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles remove lead, cadmium or other heave metals from waste water and are resistant to attachment of bacteria and fouling.

An annealing method is provided. The annealing method includes preparing a metal oxide structure, annealing the metal oxide structure in a gas atmosphere including nitrogen to fabricate a metal compound structure, an oxygen content of which is lower than that of the metal oxide structure, from the metal oxide structure, and annealing the metal compound structure in a gas atmosphere including oxygen to fabricate a nitrogen-doped metal oxide structure, which has a specific surface area greater than that of the metal oxide structure, from the metal compound structure.

An annealing method is provided. The annealing method includes preparing a metal oxide structure, annealing the metal oxide structure in a gas atmosphere including nitrogen to fabricate a metal compound structure, an oxygen content of which is lower than that of the metal oxide structure, from the metal oxide structure, and annealing the metal compound structure in a gas atmosphere including oxygen to fabricate a nitrogen-doped metal oxide structure, which has a specific surface area greater than that of the metal oxide structure, from the metal compound structure.

According to one embodiment, nano metal compound particles are provided. The nano metal compound particles have an average particle size of 50 nm or less. The nano metal compound particles have a peak ?.sub.t of 2.8 eV or less. The peak ?.sub.t corresponds to a resonant frequency of an oscillator according to a spectroscopic ellipsometry method fitted to a Lorentz model.

According to one embodiment, nano metal compound particles are provided. The nano metal compound particles have an average particle size of 50 nm or less. The nano metal compound particles have a peak ?.sub.t of 2.8 eV or less. The peak ?.sub.t corresponds to a resonant frequency of an oscillator according to a spectroscopic ellipsometry method fitted to a Lorentz model.