A method for positive electrode active material for a secondary battery includes preparing a precursor by reacting a nickel raw material, a cobalt raw material and an M1 raw material; forming a first surface-treated layer including an oxide of Formula 2 below, on a surface of a core including a lithium composite metal oxide of Formula 1 below, by mixing the precursor with a lithium raw material and an M3 raw material, firing the resultant mixture; and forming a second surface-treated layer including a lithium compound of Formula 3 below, on the core with the first surface-treated layer formed thereon,
Li.sub.aNi.sub.1xyCo.sub.xM1.sub.yM3.sub.zM2.sub.wO.sub.2[Formula 1]
Li.sub.mM4O.sub.(m+n)/2[Formula 2]
Li.sub.pM5.sub.qA.sub.r[Formula 3]
wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, A, M1 to M5, a, x, y, z, w, m, n, p, and q are the same as those defined in the specification.

An article comprising a substrate which carries a material of formula (I)
M.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bW.sub.cO.sub.d(P(O).sub.nR.sub.m).sub.e (I)
wherein each of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 is independently ammonium or a metal cation; a is 0.01 to 0.5; b is 0 to 0.5; c is 1; d is 2.5 to 3; e is 0.01 to 0.75; n is 1, 2 or 3; m is 1, 2 or 3; and R is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.

The present invention relates to Mn-activated luminescent materials, to a process for preparation thereof and to the use thereof as luminophores or conversion luminophores in light sources. The present invention further relates to a radiation-converting mixture comprising the luminescent material of the invention and a light source comprising the luminescent material of the invention or the radiation-converting mixture. The present invention further provides light sources, especially LEDs, and lighting units comprising a primary light source and the luminescent material of the invention or the radiation-converting mixture. The Mn-activated luminescent materials of the invention are especially suitable for creation of warm white light in LEDs.

A ceramic material, including: BaWO.sub.4-xM.sub.2CO.sub.3-yBaO-zB.sub.2O.sub.3-wSiO.sup.2, where x=0-0.2 mole, y=0-0.05 mole, z=0-0.2 mole, w=0-0.1 mole, M represents an alkali metal ion selected from Li.sup.+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, and x, y, z, and w are not zero at the same time.

A heat-insulating structure includes a substrate and an infrared blocking layer. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The infrared blocking layer is disposed on the first surface of the substrate and has a plurality of composite tungsten oxide particles uniformly distributed therein. Each of the composite tungsten oxide particles is doped with specific metal and non-metal elements, such that the infrared cut rate of the infrared blocking layer can reach 99%.

Provided is a precursor of transition metal oxide represented by chemical formula 1 below.
Ni.sub.aMn.sub.bCo.sub.1-(a+b+c+d)Zr.sub.cM.sub.d[OH.sub.(1-x)2-y]A.sub.(y/n)[Chemical formula 1]

Heat ray shielding particles are provided that are composite tungsten oxide particles having a hexagonal crystal structure represented by a general formula Li.sub.xM.sub.yWO.sub.z, wherein the element M in the general formula is one or more kinds of elements selected from alkaline earth metals and alkali metals other than lithium, 0.25x0.80, 0.10y0.50, and 2.20z3.00.

Provided is a method for producing a positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, the method including: a mixing step of obtaining a W-containing mixture of Li-metal composite oxide particles represented by the formula: Li.sub.zNi.sub.1-x-yCo.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.2 and composed of primary particles and secondary particles formed by aggregation of the primary particles, 2 mass % or more of water with respect to the oxide particles, and a W compound or a W compound and a Li compound, the W-containing mixture having a molar ratio of the total amount of Li contained in the water and the solid W compound, or the W compound and the Li compound of 1.5 or more and less than 3.0 with respect to the amount of W contained therein; and a heat treatment step of heating the W-containing mixture to form lithium tungstate on the surface of the primary particles.

An agricultural and horticultural film that does not raise a temperature of an atmosphere such as a greenhouse by using the agricultural and horticultural film in the greenhouse, etc., while absorbing infrared rays from the sunlight and warming the soil, the film having an infrared absorbing layer containing infrared absorbing material ultrafine particles, wherein the infrared absorbing material ultrafine particles are composite tungsten oxide ultrafine particles, and the composite tungsten oxide ultrafine particles have a XRD peak top intensity ratio value of 0.13 or more based on an XRD peak intensity ratio value of 1 on plane of a silicon powder standard sample (640c produced by NIST).

A general-purpose composite tungsten oxide ultrafine particles capable of producing a dispersion liquid with high productivity while having properties such as good visible light transmittance and shielding light in a near-infrared region, and a composite tungsten oxide ultrafine particle dispersion liquid using the same, wherein a value of an XRD peak top intensity ratio of the composite tungsten oxide ultrafine particles is 0.13 or more when the XRD peak intensity is set to 1, with plane of a silicon powder standard sample (640 c produced by NIST) as a reference.