A bacterially induced crystal particle is formed by a composite shell that encloses a hollow space. The composite shell layer includes a biomaterial and a metallic material. The biomaterial includes cell wall or cell membrane of a bacterium. The metallic material includes oxides, sulfides, selenides, acid salt compounds of a transition metal, or any combination thereof. When the bacterially induced crystal particle is spheric, the composite shell is formed by two dome-shaped portions, and a thickness of each of the dome-shaped portions is not less than 1/73 of a diameter of the bacterially induced crystal particle. Alternatively, when the bacterially induced crystal particle is rod-shaped, the thickness of the dome-shaped portions is not less than 1/73 of a width of the bacterially induced crystal particle, and a thickness of the cylindrical portion is not less than 1/37 of the width of the bacterially induced crystal particle.

A bacterially induced crystal particle is formed by a composite shell that encloses a hollow space. The composite shell layer includes a biomaterial and a metallic material. The biomaterial includes cell wall or cell membrane of a bacterium. The metallic material includes oxides, sulfides, selenides, acid salt compounds of a transition metal, or any combination thereof. When the bacterially induced crystal particle is spheric, the composite shell is formed by two dome-shaped portions, and a thickness of each of the dome-shaped portions is not less than 1/73 of a diameter of the bacterially induced crystal particle. Alternatively, when the bacterially induced crystal particle is rod-shaped, the thickness of the dome-shaped portions is not less than 1/73 of a width of the bacterially induced crystal particle, and a thickness of the cylindrical portion is not less than 1/37 of the width of the bacterially induced crystal particle.

A dielectric material, a method of manufacturing thereof, and a dielectric device and an electronic device including the same. A dielectric material includes a layered metal oxide including a first layer having a positive charge and a second layer having a negative charge which are laminated, a monolayer nanosheet exfoliated from the layered metal oxide, a nanosheet laminate of the monolayer nanosheets, or a combination thereof, wherein the dielectric material includes a two-dimensional layered material having a two-dimensional crystal structure and the two-dimensional layered material is represented by Chemical Formula 1.

A dielectric material, a method of manufacturing thereof, and a dielectric device and an electronic device including the same. A dielectric material includes a layered metal oxide including a first layer having a positive charge and a second layer having a negative charge which are laminated, a monolayer nanosheet exfoliated from the layered metal oxide, a nanosheet laminate of the monolayer nanosheets, or a combination thereof, wherein the dielectric material includes a two-dimensional layered material having a two-dimensional crystal structure and the two-dimensional layered material is represented by Chemical Formula 1.

The present disclosure relates to tungsten bronze thin films and method of making the same. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a thin, homogeneous, highly conducting cubic tungsten bronze film with densely packed micron size particles and the process of making the film.

The present disclosure relates to tungsten bronze thin films and method of making the same. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a thin, homogeneous, highly conducting cubic tungsten bronze film with densely packed micron size particles and the process of making the film.

Provided is a method for producing hexagonal tungsten oxide, the method including preparing an alkaline solvent having a pH of 8 to 9, which contains at least one of water or alcohol, adding tungsten chloride to the alkaline solvent to form a first reaction solution, adding an additive to the first reaction solution to form a second reaction solution, and adding strong acid to the second reaction solution to form nanoparticles. The additive includes any one of an amine compound having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative having 10 or more carbon atoms.

Provided is a method for producing hexagonal tungsten oxide, the method including preparing an alkaline solvent having a pH of 8 to 9, which contains at least one of water or alcohol, adding tungsten chloride to the alkaline solvent to form a first reaction solution, adding an additive to the first reaction solution to form a second reaction solution, and adding strong acid to the second reaction solution to form nanoparticles. The additive includes any one of an amine compound having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative having 10 or more carbon atoms.

Provided is a method of producing a metal nanoparticle-oxide support complex structure, in which metal nanoparticles uniform in size are evenly distributed on the surface of oxide supports. A gas sensor with improved gas sensing ability and durability may be provided by using the same.

The present invention discloses a polymer-metal compound composite ink, a preparation method and application thereof. The composite ink comprises: at least one polymer; at least one metal compound material, the metal compound material being selected from polyoxometalate compounds and nanocrystalline metal oxides; at least one solvent which is used for forming a disperse system in the form of a uniform fluid together with the remaining components in the composite ink. The present invention also discloses a method for preparing the composite ink. The composite ink of the present invention is easily available in raw material, easy to prepare and low in cost, and can be manufactured into a composite thin film by spin-coating, printing or in other ways. The composite thin film, as an electrode modification layer, can be applied to photoelectric devices such as solar cells or light-emitting diodes, so as to improve the contact performance between an electrode and an organic active layer and thus enhance the performance and yield of photoelectric devices.