A positive-electrode active material containing a compound that has a crystal structure belonging to the space group FM-3M and is represented by the composition formula (1):
Li.sub.xMe.sub.yO.sub.αF.sub.β  (1) wherein Me denotes one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, and Al, and the following conditions are satisfied. 1.3≤x≤2.2, 0.8≤y≤1.3, 1≤α≤2.93, 0.07≤β≤2.

A process for synthesizing a material, includes: (a) providing a plurality of powders including at least one lithiated powder including lithium, at least one TM powder including, for more than 95.0% of its mass, a transition metal chosen from titanium; cobalt, manganese, nickel, niobium, tin, iron and mixtures thereof, and at least one chalcogen powder including, for more than 95.0% of its mass, a chalcogen element chosen from sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, (b) preparing a particulate mixture by mixing all the powders of the plurality or by mixing one of the powders of the plurality with a milled material obtained by; milling a particulate assembly formed by mixing at least two of the other powders of the plurality, and (c) milling the particulate fixture to form the material.

Provided are an olivine-type positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method for preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, wherein the olivine-type positive electrode active material may be represented by Formula 1:

Li.sub.wMn.sub.1-(x+y+z)M.sub.xM′.sub.yM.sup.41.sub.zPO.sub.4   Formula [1]

wherein, in Formula 1,

0.95<w≦1.05,

0<x≦0.1,

0<y≦5 0.1,

0<z≦0.1,

provided that 0<x+y+z≦0.2, and M, M′, and M″ are each independently an element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mg, V, Zn, Cu, Al, and Ga.

A method of manufacturing lithium-metal nitride including suspending a lithium-metal-oxide-powder (LMOP) within a gaseous mixture, incrementally heating the suspended LMOP to a holding temperature of between 400 and 800 degrees Celsius such that the LMOP reaches the holding temperature, and maintaining the LMOP at the holding temperature for a time period in order for the gaseous mixture and the LMOP to react to form a lithium-metal nitride powder (LMNP).

The present invention relates to an anode active material for lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and more specifically it relates to an anode active material for lithium secondary battery in which the a lithium ion diffusion path in the primary particles is formed to exhibit specific directivity, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The cathode active material for lithium secondary battery of the present invention has a lithium ion diffusion path exhibiting specific directivity in the primary particles and the secondary particles, thus not only the conduction velocity of the lithium ion is fast and the lithium ion conductivity is high but also the cycle characteristics are improved as the crystal structure hardly collapses despite repeated charging and discharging.

A lithium-ion battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, in which the cathode includes a current collector and a cathode mixture applied on at least one side of the current collector, the cathode mixture includes a lithium transition metal oxide as a cathode active material, the anode includes a lithium titanium complex oxide as an anode active material, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a fluorine-containing boric acid ester.

A method for forming a cathode includes milling a suspension of precursors via a micromedia mill to form a mixture of primary particles in the suspension. The precursors include one or more metal compounds. The method includes spray drying the suspension after the milling to form secondary particles. The secondary particles are agglomerations of the primary particles. The method also includes annealing the secondary particles to form a disordered rocksalt powder.

A compound containing Sn, Te and Mn, and further containing either one or both of Sb and Bi.

Methods for producing ethylene using nanowires as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The method includes, for example, an oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by nanowires to provide ethylene.

An object is to provide a semiconductor device including a semiconductor element which has favorable characteristics. A manufacturing method of the present invention includes the steps of: forming a first conductive layer which functions as a gate electrode over a substrate; forming a first insulating layer to cover the first conductive layer; forming a semiconductor layer over the first insulating layer so that part of the semiconductor layer overlaps with the first conductive layer; forming a second conductive layer to be electrically connected to the semiconductor layer; forming a second insulating layer to cover the semiconductor layer and the second conductive layer; forming a third conductive layer to be electrically connected to the second conductive layer; performing first heat treatment after forming the semiconductor layer and before forming the second insulating layer; and performing second heat treatment after forming the second insulating layer.