A homogenously mixed metal manganese oxide. The mixed metal manganese oxide includes a homogenous mixture of manganese and at least two more metals. The additional metals may be cesium, nickel, copper, bismuth, cobalt, magnesium, iron, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, chromium, silver, gold, titanium, or, lead. A method of making the metal manganese oxide material includes mixing salts of manganese and the additional metals. The mixture may be activated and digested at an elevated temperature. Also, a battery having a cathode made from the homogenously mixed metal manganese oxide.

A poorly crystalline mixed metal manganese oxide material. The mixed metal manganese oxide material may be used for making a cathode for a rechargeable battery. Generally, the mixed metal manganese oxide includes: manganese oxide; copper, silver, gold, or a combination thereof; a first additional cation selected from the group consisting of: bismuth, lead, and mixtures thereof; and a second additional cation selected from the group consisting of: lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, NR.sub.4.sup.+, or a combination thereof, with R being, hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof. The amorphous composition has an essentially amorphous x-ray powder diffraction pattern.

The present application discloses a positive electrode active material and its preparation method, a sodium ion battery and an apparatus containing the sodium ion battery. The positive electrode active material satisfies a chemical formula Na.sub.2+xCu.sub.hMn.sub.kM.sub.lO.sub.7−y, wherein M is one or more selected from Li, B, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Sn, Ba and W, 0≤x≤0.5, 0.1<h≤2, 1≤k≤3, 0≤l≤0.5, and 0≤y≤1, 2≤h+k+l≤3.5, and 0.57≤(2+x)/(h+k+l)≤0.9.

Mixed-metal oxides and lithiated mixed-metal oxides are disclosed that involve compounds according to, respectively, Ni.sub.xMn.sub.yCo.sub.zMe.sub.αO.sub.β and Li.sub.1+γNi.sub.xMn.sub.yCo.sub.zMe.sub.αO.sub.β. In these compounds, Me is selected from B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, In, and combinations thereof; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z<1; x+y+z>0; 0≤α≤0.5; and x+y+α>0. For the mixed-metal oxides, 1≤β≤5. For the lithiated mixed-metal oxides, −0.1≤γ≤1.0 and 1.9≤β≤3. The mixed-metal oxides and the lithiated mixed-metal oxides include particles having an average density greater than or equal to 90% of an ideal crystalline density.

A positive-electrode active material contains a compound represented by the following composition formula (1):
Li.sub.xMe.sub.yA.sub.zO.sub.αF.sub.β  (1) where Me denotes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ti, Cr, Zr, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pt, Au, Ru, and W, A denotes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of B, Si, and P, and the following conditions: 1.3≤x≤2.1, 0.8≤y≤1.3, 0<z≤0.2, 1.8≤α≤2.9, and 0.1≤β≤1.2 are satisfied. A crystal structure of the compound belongs to a space group Fm-3m.

A method of manufacturing lithium-metal nitride including suspending a lithium-metal-oxide-powder (LMOP) within a gaseous mixture, incrementally heating the suspended LMOP to a holding temperature of between 400 and 800 degrees Celsius such that the LMOP reaches the holding temperature, and maintaining the LMOP at the holding temperature for a time period in order for the gaseous mixture and the LMOP to react to form a lithium-metal nitride powder (LMNP).

Modified copper chromite spinel pigments exhibit lower coefficients of thermal expansion than unmodified structures. Three methods exist to modify the pigments: (1) the incorporation of secondary modifiers into the pigment core composition, (2) control of the pigment firing profile, including both the temperature and the soak time, and (3) control of the pigment core composition.

A positive electrode active material according to the present disclosure includes: a lithium composite oxide which includes Mn and at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and N, and S. The lithium composite oxide has a crystalline structure which belongs to the space group Fd-3m, and a relationship 1.40≤intensity ratio I.sub.Mn1/I.sub.Mn2≤1.90 is satisfied. The intensity ratio I.sub.Mn1/I.sub.Mn2 is a ratio of an intensity I.sub.Mn1 to an intensity I.sub.Mn2. The intensity I.sub.Mn1 and the intensity I.sub.Mn2 are intensities of a first proximity peak and a second proximity peak, respectively, of the Mn in a radial distribution function of the Mn included in the lithium composite oxide.

The invention relates to a solid body of a compound of formula Zn.sub.1-t-eT.sub.tE.sub.eO.sub.1-yY.sub.y, wherein the compound has a wurtzite structure and wherein T represents one or more transition metals, selected from one or more of Mn, Cd, Cr, Fe, Co and Ni; E represents one or more alkaline earth metals, selected from one or more of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; Y represents one or more chalcogens, selected from S, Se, Te; tis a value in the region of 0 to <1; e is a value from 0 to <1, and y is a value from 0 to <1.

A disordered rocksalt lithium metal oxide and oxyfluoride as in manganese-vanadium oxides and oxyfluorides well suited for use in high capacity lithium-ion battery electrodes such as those found in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. A lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride example is one having a general formula: Li.sub.xM′.sub.aM″.sub.bO.sub.2-yF.sub.y, with the lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride having a cation-disordered rocksalt structure of one of (a) or (b), with (a) 1.09≤x≤1.35, 0.1≤a≤0.7, 0.1≤b≤0.7, and 0≤y≤0.7; M′ is a low valent transition metal and M″ is a high-valent transition metal; and (b) 1.1≤x≤1.33, 0.1≤a≤0.41, 0.39≤b≤0.67, and 0≤y≤0.3; M′ is Mn; and M″ is V or Mo. The oxides or oxyfluorides balance accessible Li capacity and transition metal capacity. An immediate application example is for high energy density Li-cathode battery materials, where the cathode energy is a key limiting factor to overall performance. The second structure (b) is optimized for maximal accessible Li capacity.