A supercapacitor electrode comprises a mixture of graphene sheets and humic acid. The humic acid occupies 0.1% to 99% by weight of the mixture and the graphene sheets are selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements. The non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. The mixture has a specific surface area greater than 500 m.sup.2/g.

Provided are a zinc ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. The preparation method for the zinc ion battery positive electrode material includes: performing a sintering treatment on manganese carbonate to obtain the zinc ion battery positive electrode material. In this method, through a heat treatment of manganese carbonate, a zinc ion battery positive electrode material with high performance can be obtained. In addition, the method requires low raw material and simple preparation processes, and thus it is suitable for industrial production.

Provided are a zinc ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. The preparation method for the zinc ion battery positive electrode material includes: performing a sintering treatment on manganese carbonate to obtain the zinc ion battery positive electrode material. In this method, through a heat treatment of manganese carbonate, a zinc ion battery positive electrode material with high performance can be obtained. In addition, the method requires low raw material and simple preparation processes, and thus it is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention generally relates to a method for preparing metal oxide nanosheets. In a preferred embodiment, graphene oxide (GO) or graphite oxide is employed as a template or structure directing agent for the formation of the metal oxide nanosheets, wherein the template is mixed with metal oxide precursor to form a metal oxide precursor-bonded template. Subsequently, the metal oxide precursor-bonded template is calcined to form the metal oxide nanosheets. The present invention also relates to a lithium-ion battery anode comprising the metal oxide nanosheets. In a further preferred embodiment, the battery anode may comprising reduced template, which is reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or reduced graphite oxide.

The present invention generally relates to a method for preparing metal oxide nanosheets. In a preferred embodiment, graphene oxide (GO) or graphite oxide is employed as a template or structure directing agent for the formation of the metal oxide nanosheets, wherein the template is mixed with metal oxide precursor to form a metal oxide precursor-bonded template. Subsequently, the metal oxide precursor-bonded template is calcined to form the metal oxide nanosheets. The present invention also relates to a lithium-ion battery anode comprising the metal oxide nanosheets. In a further preferred embodiment, the battery anode may comprising reduced template, which is reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or reduced graphite oxide.

A method of manufacturing a battery electrode material in slurry form to be coated on a sheet-shaped current collector, the battery electrode material containing an electrode active material made of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and containing an aqueous binder. The method includes, as a process of mixing and kneading raw materials of the battery electrode material by using water as a solvent, mixing the electrode active material; mixing the binder; and mixing a neutralizing agent, the neutralizing agent being lithium hydroxide (LiOH).

A method of manufacturing a battery electrode material in slurry form to be coated on a sheet-shaped current collector, the battery electrode material containing an electrode active material made of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and containing an aqueous binder. The method includes, as a process of mixing and kneading raw materials of the battery electrode material by using water as a solvent, mixing the electrode active material; mixing the binder; and mixing a neutralizing agent, the neutralizing agent being lithium hydroxide (LiOH).

A process for the production of nanoparticles from a liquid mixture comprising at least one precursor and at least one solvent in a reactor with continuous through-flow comprises the steps of feeding at least one oxygen-containing gas inflow stream having a temperature into the at least one reactor, adding at least one fuel having a temperature to the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream form a homogeneous ignitable mixture having a temperature, wherein the temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture is above the autoignition temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture, introducing at least one precursor-solvent mixture into the homogeneous ignitable mixture; autoignition of the ignitable mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel after an ignition delay time to form a stabilized flame and reacting the precursor-solvent mixture in the stabilized flame to form nanoparticles from the metal salt precursor, removing the formed nanoparticles.

A process for the production of nanoparticles from a liquid mixture comprising at least one precursor and at least one solvent in a reactor with continuous through-flow comprises the steps of feeding at least one oxygen-containing gas inflow stream having a temperature into the at least one reactor, adding at least one fuel having a temperature to the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream form a homogeneous ignitable mixture having a temperature, wherein the temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture is above the autoignition temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture, introducing at least one precursor-solvent mixture into the homogeneous ignitable mixture; autoignition of the ignitable mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel after an ignition delay time to form a stabilized flame and reacting the precursor-solvent mixture in the stabilized flame to form nanoparticles from the metal salt precursor, removing the formed nanoparticles.

A battery comprises a housing, an electrolyte disposed in the housing, an anode disposed in the housing, a stabilized cathode disposed in the housing and comprising a cathode material. The cathode material comprises a composition selected from birnessite or layered-polymorph of manganese dioxide (δ-MnO.sub.2), the composition being stabilized by bismuth and copper ions, a conductive carbon, and a binder. The anode can be at least 50% (m/m) lithium, magnesium, aluminum, or zinc.