The present disclosure is directed to high-purity iron materials and systems and methods of producing such high-purity iron materials based on cost-effective transformation of low-cost iron feedstocks. In general, the methods of production using the systems described herein may include acid leaching low-purity iron ores to create an iron-rich acid solution, which may be purified to remove residual soluble impurities and hydrolyzed to produce high purity iron oxide powder. The high purity iron oxide powder may be reduced to form high purity iron metal suitable for a variety of end-uses, including use in batteries.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

In one aspect, a method for fabricating metal particles is disclosed, which includes adding a plurality of metallic elements into a plasma reactor comprising a circulating fluid and two electrodes, evaporating the metallic elements to form metal vapor using plasma generated by at least one electric discharge pulse between the electrodes; and condensing the metal vapor to form metal particles. In some embodiments, the metal particles comprise metal oxide particles. In some embodiments, the metal particles are useful as part of pharmaceutical compositions or dietary supplements.

In one aspect, a method for fabricating metal particles is disclosed, which includes adding a plurality of metallic elements into a plasma reactor comprising a circulating fluid and two electrodes, evaporating the metallic elements to form metal vapor using plasma generated by at least one electric discharge pulse between the electrodes; and condensing the metal vapor to form metal particles. In some embodiments, the metal particles comprise metal oxide particles. In some embodiments, the metal particles are useful as part of pharmaceutical compositions or dietary supplements.

Disclosed are a particle of a 13-iron oxyhydroxide-based compound represented by Formula (1), in which an average equivalent circle diameter of primary particles is 5 nm to 30 nm, and a coefficient of variation of equivalent circle diameters of the primary particles is 10% to 30% [In Formula (1), A represents at least one kind of metal element other than Fe, and a represents a number that satisfies a relationship of 0≤a<1.], and applications thereof.
β-A.sub.aFe.sub.1-aOOH   (1)

Disclosed are a particle of a 13-iron oxyhydroxide-based compound represented by Formula (1), in which an average equivalent circle diameter of primary particles is 5 nm to 30 nm, and a coefficient of variation of equivalent circle diameters of the primary particles is 10% to 30% [In Formula (1), A represents at least one kind of metal element other than Fe, and a represents a number that satisfies a relationship of 0≤a<1.], and applications thereof.
β-A.sub.aFe.sub.1-aOOH   (1)

Provided is a powder of a β-iron oxyhydroxide-based compound that is a group of particles of a β-iron oxyhydroxide-based compound represented by Formula (1) below; in which a surface of the particles of the β-iron oxyhydroxide-based compound is modified with a surface modifier; in which, in a case where the powder is dispersed in water to be made into a sol, a zeta potential of the powder is equal to or higher than +5 mV at pH 10; and
β-A.sub.aFe.sub.1-aOOH  (1)
in which, in Formula (1), A represents at least one metallic element other than Fe, and a represents a number that satisfies a relationship of 0≤a<1.

A method and system for removing at least dissolved hydrogen sulphide or another targeted constituent from a feedstock is provided wherein the targeted constituent has a gas: liquid equilibrium. In some embodiments, the method includes the steps of: contacting the feedstock in at least one stripping vessel with a stripping gas to produce a gas stream containing at least hydrogen sulphide gas; conveying the gas stream from the at least one stripping vessel to an oxidation reactor; contacting the gas stream with an oxidizing agent in the oxidation reactor so as to oxidize the at least hydrogen sulphide gas to produce sulphuric acid; and conveying the produced sulphuric acid from the oxidation reactor to the at least one stripping vessel so as to reduce a pH value of the feedstock within the stripping vessel.

A method and system for removing at least dissolved hydrogen sulphide or another targeted constituent from a feedstock is provided wherein the targeted constituent has a gas: liquid equilibrium. In some embodiments, the method includes the steps of: contacting the feedstock in at least one stripping vessel with a stripping gas to produce a gas stream containing at least hydrogen sulphide gas; conveying the gas stream from the at least one stripping vessel to an oxidation reactor; contacting the gas stream with an oxidizing agent in the oxidation reactor so as to oxidize the at least hydrogen sulphide gas to produce sulphuric acid; and conveying the produced sulphuric acid from the oxidation reactor to the at least one stripping vessel so as to reduce a pH value of the feedstock within the stripping vessel.