The invention relates to a method for producing a metal chalcogenide thin film electrode, comprising the steps: (a) contacting a metal or metal oxide with an elementary halogen in a non-aqueous solvent, producing a metal halide compound in the solution, (b) applying a negative electric voltage to an electrically conducting or semiconducting substrate which is in contact with the solution from step (a), and (c) during and/or after step (b) contacting the substrate with an elementary chalcogen forming a metal chalcogenide layer on the substrate. The invention also relates to a metal chalcogenide thin film electrode which can be produced by the method and its use as an anode for releasing oxygen during (photo)electrochemical water splitting.

The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for solid-phase reactions.

The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for solid-phase reactions.

The subject matter of the present invention is a method to extract or recover hydrochloric acid from hydrochloric acid solutions containing metal by means of pyrohydrolytic treatment, followed by absorption and/or condensation of the gaseous hydrogen chloride thus formed in order to form hydrochloric acid. According to the invention, a first partial flow of the hydrochloric acid solution containing metal undergoes pyrohydrolytic treatment and a second partial flow of the metal-containing solution is fed to the absorption column. A device for implementing the process according to the invention is also the subject of the present invention.

The subject matter of the present invention is a method to extract or recover hydrochloric acid from hydrochloric acid solutions containing metal by means of pyrohydrolytic treatment, followed by absorption and/or condensation of the gaseous hydrogen chloride thus formed in order to form hydrochloric acid. According to the invention, a first partial flow of the hydrochloric acid solution containing metal undergoes pyrohydrolytic treatment and a second partial flow of the metal-containing solution is fed to the absorption column. A device for implementing the process according to the invention is also the subject of the present invention.

Method and apparatus for preparing at least one metal chloride from metal oxide containing material comprising calcining the metal oxide containing material under temperature conditions sufficient to obtain a calcined product comprising at least one metal oxide; and selectively chlorinating the calcined product to form at least one metal chloride.

Method and apparatus for preparing at least one metal chloride from metal oxide containing material comprising calcining the metal oxide containing material under temperature conditions sufficient to obtain a calcined product comprising at least one metal oxide; and selectively chlorinating the calcined product to form at least one metal chloride.

Method and apparatus for preparing at least one metal chloride from metal oxide containing material comprising calcining the metal oxide containing material under temperature conditions sufficient to obtain a calcined product comprising at least one metal oxide; and selectively chlorinating the calcined product to form at least one metal chloride.

Method and apparatus for preparing at least one metal chloride from metal oxide containing material comprising calcining the metal oxide containing material under temperature conditions sufficient to obtain a calcined product comprising at least one metal oxide; and selectively chlorinating the calcined product to form at least one metal chloride.

The present invention relates to a method for directly synthesizing titanium dioxide from a titanium-rich organic phase prepared from ilmenite, and more particularly to a method in which a titanium-rich acidolysis solution is obtained by an efficient ore dissolving technology, titanium ions are transferred to the organic phase by means of an effective titanium extractant to obtain a high-purity and titanium-rich organic phase, and then the titanium dioxide is directly synthesized in the organic phase. With this method, the dissolution rate of ilmenite can be effectively improved, the process flow is shortened and production costs are reduced, and titanium dioxide with high yield and high quality is obtained.