Method for the separation of Zinc and Iron from electric arc furnace baghouse dust Provided are new and improved novel processes and continuous ion exchange/continuous ion chromatography (CIX/CIC) systems for the separation of iron and zinc from electric arc furnace baghouse dust.

The present invention belongs to the field of preparation technique of inorganic functional material and provides a method for preparing nanometer titanium dioxide which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving ilmenite powder using hydrochloric acid to obtain a raw ore solution; (2) eliminating the iron element in the raw ore solution to obtain a final solution containing titanium ions; (3) heating the final solution for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolyzed product containing titanium dioxide; and (4) calcining the obtained hydrolyzed product to obtain nanometer titanium dioxide. The present invention has the advantages that the raw materials can be easily obtained, the energy consumption is low, both rutile type titanium dioxide and anatase type titanium dioxide can be produced, and the product has high purity, small particle diameter, narrow particle diameter distribution and good dispersibility.

Compositions suitable for reversibly storing heat in thermal energy systems (TES) include a salt hydrate represented by the formula: MX.sub.q.Math.nH.sub.2O. M is a cation selected from Groups 1 to 14 of the IUPAC Periodic Table, X is a halide of Group 17, q ranges from 1 to 4, and n ranges from 1 to 12. The cation (M) may have an electronegativity of about 1.8 and a molar mass about 28 g/mol. The anion (X) may have an electronegativity of about 2.9 to about 3.2. A distance between a cation (M) and coordinating water molecules (H.sub.2O) is about 2.1 . Thermal energy systems (TES) incorporating such compositions are also provided that are configured to reversibly store heat in the thermal energy system (TES) via an endothermic dehydration reaction and to release heat in in the thermal energy system (TES) via an exothermic hydration reaction.

Compositions suitable for reversibly storing heat in thermal energy systems (TES) include a salt hydrate represented by the formula: MX.sub.q.Math.nH.sub.2O. M is a cation selected from Groups 1 to 14 of the IUPAC Periodic Table, X is a halide of Group 17, q ranges from 1 to 4, and n ranges from 1 to 12. The cation (M) may have an electronegativity of about 1.8 and a molar mass about 28 g/mol. The anion (X) may have an electronegativity of about 2.9 to about 3.2. A distance between a cation (M) and coordinating water molecules (H.sub.2O) is about 2.1 . Thermal energy systems (TES) incorporating such compositions are also provided that are configured to reversibly store heat in the thermal energy system (TES) via an endothermic dehydration reaction and to release heat in in the thermal energy system (TES) via an exothermic hydration reaction.

A water treatment composition includes a water soluble film formed into a sealed pouch. The pouch contains a composite of a phosphate removing substance, a polymer flocculant, or an enzyme, or any combination. The phosphate removing substance, the polymer flocculant, and the enzyme are bound to each other within the composite. The pouch is added to a body of water. The pouch dissolves to release the compounds and treat the water.

A method for producing titanium tetrachloride is provided, in which valuable materials such as unreacted titanium-containing raw material, carbon raw material and chlorine can be recovered from solid recovered material generated in chlorinating process of titanium-containing raw material, and titanium-containing raw material can be efficiently used. The treatment method of titanium-containing raw material includes the steps: separating and removing impurities selectively from the titanium-containing raw material as chlorides so as to obtain high titanium-containing raw material, producing titanium tetrachloride using the high titanium-containing raw material, and performing separating process of impurities from solid recovered material byproduced in the production of titanium tetrachloride, together with selective chlorinating treatment of the titanium-containing raw material. Thus, the high titanium-containing raw material can be produced while recovering chlorine and impure oxides.

A method for producing titanium tetrachloride is provided, in which valuable materials such as unreacted titanium-containing raw material, carbon raw material and chlorine can be recovered from solid recovered material generated in chlorinating process of titanium-containing raw material, and titanium-containing raw material can be efficiently used. The treatment method of titanium-containing raw material includes the steps: separating and removing impurities selectively from the titanium-containing raw material as chlorides so as to obtain high titanium-containing raw material, producing titanium tetrachloride using the high titanium-containing raw material, and performing separating process of impurities from solid recovered material byproduced in the production of titanium tetrachloride, together with selective chlorinating treatment of the titanium-containing raw material. Thus, the high titanium-containing raw material can be produced while recovering chlorine and impure oxides.

The present invention belongs to the field of preparation technique of inorganic, functional material and provides a method for preparing nanometer titanium dioxide which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving ilmenite powder using hydrochloric acid to obtain a raw ore solution; (2) eliminating the iron element in the raw ore solution to obtain a final solution containing titanium ions (3) heating the final solution for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolyzed product containing titanium dioxide; and (4) calcining the obtained hydrolyzed product to obtain nanometer titanium dioxide. The present invention has the advantages that the raw materials can be easily obtained, the energy consumption is low, both rutile type titanium dioxide and anatase type titanium dioxide can be produced, and the product has high purity, small particle diameter, narrow particle diameter distribution and good dispersibility.

There is provided a positive electrode active material containing a lithium-iron composite fluoride as a principal component, wherein the lithium-iron composite fluoride is represented by the following formula (1):

Li.sub.xFeF.sub.(3+x)(1) where, in formula (1), x is a number satisfying 0.4x<1.5.

This disclosure relates to a process for selective extraction and separating vanadium and iron using a method of chlorinating vanadium-containing iron oxide ores. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a process for producing vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl.sub.3) and iron trichloride (FeCl.sub.3) in a moving bed chlorinator by reacting chlorine and carbon monoxide with vanadium iron oxide materials. In addition, this disclosure describes removing other chlorides with the exemption of vanadium and iron chlorides from the exhaust stream from the reactor by creating a conversion temperature zone at the top of the reactor. Furthermore, the invention discloses removing impurities from an exhaust gas stream to purify carbon dioxide and it also includes a closed-loop capture in the process in order to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.