A positive-electrode active material contains a compound that has a crystal structure belonging to a space group FM3-M and that is represented by the composition formula (1):

Li.sub.xA.sub.yMe.sub.zO.sub.F.sub.(1)

wherein A denotes Na or K, Me denotes one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, B, Ce, Si, Zr, Nb, Pr, Ti, W, Ge, Mo, Sn, Bi, Cu, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Y, Zn, Ga, Er, La, Sm, Yb, V, and Cr, and the following conditions are satisfied. 1.7x+y2.2 0<y0.2 0.8z1.3 12.5 0.52

A method of manufacturing lithium-metal nitride including suspending a lithium-metal-oxide-powder (LMOP) within a gaseous mixture, incrementally heating the suspended LMOP to a holding temperature of between 400 and 800 degrees Celsius such that the LMOP reaches the holding temperature, and maintaining the LMOP at the holding temperature for a time period in order for the gaseous mixture and the LMOP to react to form a lithium-metal nitride powder (LMNP).

The present invention relates to silicon-compound-coated fine metal particles, with which surfaces of fine metal particles, composed of at least one type of metal element or metalloid element, are at least partially coated with a silicon compound and a ratio of SiOH bonds contained in the silicon-compound-coated fine metal particles is controlled to be 0.1% or more and 70% or less. By the present invention, silicon-compound-coated fine metal particles that are controlled in dispersibility and other properties can be provided by controlling the ratio of SiOH bonds or the ratio of SiOH bonds/SiO bonds contained in the silicon-compound-coated fine metal particles. By controlling the ratio of SiOH bonds or the ratio of SiOH bonds/SiO bonds, a composition that is more appropriate for diversifying applications and targeted properties of silicon-compound-coated fine metal particles than was conventionally possible can be designed easily.

A battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution including a nonaqueous solvent. The positive electrode active material includes a compound having a crystal structure belonging to a space group FM3-M and represented by Compositional Formula (1): Li.sub.xMe.sub.yO.sub.F.sub., where, Me is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, B, Ce, Si, Zr, Nb, Pr, Ti, W, Ge, Mo, Sn, Bi, Cu, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Y, Zn, Ga, Er, La, Sm, Yb, V, and Cr; and subscripts x, y, , and satisfy the following requirements: 1.7x2.2, 0.8y1.3, 12.5, and 0.52. The nonaqueous solvent includes a solvent having at least one fluoro group.

A battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution including an additive. The positive electrode active material includes a compound having a crystal structure belonging to a space group FM3-M and represented by Compositional Formula (1): Li.sub.xMe.sub.yO.sub.F.sub., where, Me is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, B, Ce, Si, Zr, Nb, Pr, Ti, W, Ge, Mo, Sn, Bi, Cu, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Y, Zn, Ga, Er, La, Sm, Yb, V, and Cr; and subscripts x, y, , and satisfy the following requirements: 1.7x2.2, 0.8y1.3, 12.5, and 0.52. The additive is at least one selected from dinitrile compounds and diisocyanate compounds.

Acidified metal oxides combined with non-acidified metal oxides used as a battery electrode active material.

An inorganic green pigment includes a material with spinel structure of the general formula selected from the following formulas a) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3xyD.sub.2xB.sub.1x2yNi.sub.3y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.9 and 0.05y0.5, and wherein x+2y1; b) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3xyD.sub.2xyB.sub.1xyNi.sub.2y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.5 and 0.05y0.5; c) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3x4yD.sub.2xB.sub.1x+yNb.sub.y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.5 and 0.05y0.2; d) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3xD.sub.2x2yB.sub.1x+yNb.sub.y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.9 and 0.05y0.2, and wherein xy; and e) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3x3yD.sub.2xB.sub.1xNb.sub.2yNi.sub.y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.9 and 0.05y0.2, wherein A is at least one element selected from Co, Zn, Ca, Mg and Cu, wherein B is at least one element selected from Li and Na, wherein C is at least one element selected from Ti, Mn, Sn and Ge, and wherein D is at least one element selected from Cr, B, Fe, Mn and Al.

Vessels such as crucibles, pans, open cups and saggars, containing a monolithic ceramic material, and a ceramic matrix composite, wherein the monolithic ceramic material is an inner part. A method for making oxide materials that can be utilized in the contact with corrosive materials and that allows for higher conversions in a given heating process.

Further described herein are extensions to the basic concept of LHs as electrode materials, include both new materials for use with LHs and higher order poly-layer hydroxides (PLHs) as well as methods for synthesizing improved LH material such as with conductive supports or through the use of cross-linking. Finally, also described herein are embodiments enabling the use of LHs as flow electrodes as well as the use of 2-d LH materials for surface redox reactions.

A positive-electrode active material contains a compound represented by the following composition formula (1):
Li.sub.xMe.sub.yO.sub.X.sub.(1) where Me denotes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Al, Sn, Cu, Nb, Mo, Bi, Ti, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pt, Au, Ag, Ru, Ta, W, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Dy, and Er, X denotes two or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, N, and S, and x, y, , and satisfy 0.75x2.25, 0.75y1.50, 1<3, and 0<2, respectively. A crystal structure of the compound belongs to a space group Fm-3m.