The present invention related to an electrochemical cell comprising an anode of a Group IA metal and a cathode of a composite material prepared from an aqueous mixture of iron sulfate, cobalt sulfate and sulfur. The cathode material of the present invention provides an increased rate pulse performance compared to iron disulfide cathode material. This makes the cathode material of the present invention particularly useful for implantable medical applications.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of making quantum dots (QDs) (passivated or unpassivated) using a continuous flow process, systems for making QDs using a continuous flow process, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the QDs produced using embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in solar photovoltaic cells, bio-imaging, IR emitters, or LEDs.

Certain embodiments are directed to method for making and using an alkali promoted transition metal sulfide Fischer Tropsch catalyst. Certain embodiments are directed to alkali promoted transition metal sulfide Fischer Tropsch catalyst synthesized using steps comprising (i) mixing an ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) precursor compound with an alkali metal compound and molybdenum disulfide in deionized water to form a reaction mixture, (ii) heating the reaction mixture at a temperature of at least 200, 250, 300, 350, 400C at a pressure of at lease 900, 1000, 1100, 1500, 2000 psi for more than 0.5 1, 1.5, 2.0, 3 or more hours to form a reaction product, (iii) filtering, washing, and drying the reaction product.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of making quantum dots (QDs) (passivated or unpassivated) using a continuous flow process, systems for making QDs using a continuous flow process, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the QDs produced using embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in solar photovoltaic cells, bio-imaging, IR emitters, or LEDs.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

Carboxylic acids are prepared by a one-step gas phase process comprising the step of contacting under halogen-free hydroxycarbonylation conditions an alkene, carbon monoxide, water, and a solid sulfide-containing catalyst.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of making quantum dots (QDs) (passivated or unpassivated) using a continuous flow process, systems for making QDs using a continuous flow process, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the QDs produced using embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in solar photovoltaic cells, bio-imaging, IR emitters, or LEDs.

A method for preparing a cobalt sulfide/reduced graphite oxide composite includes: preparing a glycerol-cobalt precursor by taking a water-soluble cobalt salt, a micromolecular alcohol solvent, and glycerol as raw materials; mixing the glycerol-cobalt precursor with an alkali liquor to prepare a Co(OH).sub.2 nanoflower; calcining the Co(OH).sub.2 nanoflower to obtain a Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoflower; subjecting the Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoflower to a reaction with a water-soluble sulfur salt to obtain a COS nanoflower, and mixing the COS nanoflower with graphite oxide and carrying out a heat treatment to obtain the composite. The response characteristics of a gas sensor to NO.sub.2 gas are studied at room temperature, and the graphite is complexed with a transition metal sulfide with unique morphology to construct a unique heterostructure. While expanding the specific surface area to increase the number of adsorption sites, the heterostructure of a contact surface is used to greatly enhance the charge-transfer efficiency.

Provided is a method of manufacturing high-purity, high-quality manganese sulfate which can be immediately used for manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery from manganese sulfate waste liquid of a wasted battery. Since impurities are removed from the manganese sulfate waste liquid by using sulfides causing no secondary contamination in the manganese sulfate waste liquid and the manganese sulfate is manufactured by performing evaporation concentration through heating, the manufacturing method is very environment-friendly and economical. Since the manganese recovering process improving the manufacturing yield of the manganese sulfate and the waste water treatment process capable of recycling the source materials and discharging waste water are integrated, the manufacturing method is very efficient and environment-friendly. The manufacturing method is applied to the recycling industry, and thus, it is possible to obtain effects of preventing environmental pollution and facilitating recycling the resources.

The present invention related to an electrochemical cell comprising an anode of a Group IA metal and a cathode of a composite material prepared from an aqueous mixture of iron sulfate, cobalt sulfate and sulfur. The cathode material of the present invention provides an increased rate pulse performance compared to iron disulfide cathode material. This makes the cathode material of the present invention particularly useful for implantable medical applications.