The present invention provides a positive electrode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery, in which the positive electrode active material precursor is represented by the following composition formula (I), a ratio (α/β) between a half width α of a peak that is present within a range of a diffraction angle 2θ=19.2±1° and a half width β of a peak that is present within a range of 2θ=38.5±1° is equal to or greater than 0.9 in powder X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα beam:
Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zM.sub.w(OH).sub.2  (I)
[0.7≤x<1.0, 0<y≤0.20, 0≤z≤0.20, 0≤w≤0.1, and x+y+z+w=1 are satisfied, and M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Cu, Zn, B, Al, Ga, Si, Sn, P, and Bi].

The present invention provides a positive electrode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery, in which the positive electrode active material precursor is represented by the following composition formula (I), a ratio (α/β) between a half width α of a peak that is present within a range of a diffraction angle 2θ=19.2±1° and a half width β of a peak that is present within a range of 2θ=38.5±1° is equal to or greater than 0.9 in powder X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα beam:
Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zM.sub.w(OH).sub.2  (I)
[0.7≤x<1.0, 0<y≤0.20, 0≤z≤0.20, 0≤w≤0.1, and x+y+z+w=1 are satisfied, and M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Cu, Zn, B, Al, Ga, Si, Sn, P, and Bi].

Provided are a nickel-based active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery including: a first porous core; a second core located on the first porous core and having a higher density than that of the first porous core, a shell located on the second core; and having a radial arrangement structure, wherein an amount of nickel included in the first porous core is greater than or equal to an amount of nickel included in the second core, and the amount of nickel included in the second core is greater than an amount of nickel included in the shell, a method of producing the nickel-based active precursor, a nickel-based active material for a lithium secondary battery, obtained from the nickel-based active precursor, and a lithium secondary battery including a cathode containing the nickel-based active material.

Provided are a nickel-based active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery including: a first porous core; a second core located on the first porous core and having a higher density than that of the first porous core, a shell located on the second core; and having a radial arrangement structure, wherein an amount of nickel included in the first porous core is greater than or equal to an amount of nickel included in the second core, and the amount of nickel included in the second core is greater than an amount of nickel included in the shell, a method of producing the nickel-based active precursor, a nickel-based active material for a lithium secondary battery, obtained from the nickel-based active precursor, and a lithium secondary battery including a cathode containing the nickel-based active material.

An electrochemical half-cell includes an electrical terminal lead in contact with a solid electrolyte, wherein the solid electrolyte includes a doped high-entropy oxide. The electrochemical half-cell can be used as either a reference half-cell or a measuring half-cell. Methods of manufacturing the solid electrolyte and the electrochemical half-cell are further disclosed.

An electrochemical half-cell includes an electrical terminal lead in contact with a solid electrolyte, wherein the solid electrolyte includes a doped high-entropy oxide. The electrochemical half-cell can be used as either a reference half-cell or a measuring half-cell. Methods of manufacturing the solid electrolyte and the electrochemical half-cell are further disclosed.

A high voltage lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor is provided in the present disclosure. Primary particles of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor are in a clustered “petals” configuration. The “petal” has a sheet shape. A secondary particle of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor has a spherical structure with a loosened interior. A method for making the high voltage lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor is further provided in the present disclosure. In the method, through the unique design of the reaction atmosphere in combination with advantages of high-low pH phase separation as well as the appropriate matching between the output power and flow rates, the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor having “petal-like” and sheet shaped primary particles and spherical and porous secondary particles is made. Compared to the conventional precursor, the primary particle of the present precursor has a unique structure and the secondary particle of the present precursor has a loosened and porous interior, which provide an important guiding significance for a morphology study of small particle sized lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor and a preparation process optimization. A high voltage lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material made from the nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor has a single-crystal structure.

A high voltage lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor is provided in the present disclosure. Primary particles of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor are in a clustered “petals” configuration. The “petal” has a sheet shape. A secondary particle of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor has a spherical structure with a loosened interior. A method for making the high voltage lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor is further provided in the present disclosure. In the method, through the unique design of the reaction atmosphere in combination with advantages of high-low pH phase separation as well as the appropriate matching between the output power and flow rates, the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor having “petal-like” and sheet shaped primary particles and spherical and porous secondary particles is made. Compared to the conventional precursor, the primary particle of the present precursor has a unique structure and the secondary particle of the present precursor has a loosened and porous interior, which provide an important guiding significance for a morphology study of small particle sized lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor and a preparation process optimization. A high voltage lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material made from the nickel cobalt manganese oxide precursor has a single-crystal structure.

A method for obtaining metal oxides supported on mesoporous silica particles includes a) providing a solution of at least one metal salt, b) providing a solution of at least one template forming agent of the general formula (I) Y.sub.3Si(CH.sub.2).sub.n—X (I), wherein X is a complexing functional group; Y is —OH or a hydrolysable moiety selected from the group containing halogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, c) mixing the metal salt solution and the complex forming agent solution to obtain a metal precursor; d) adding at least one solution containing at least one pore structure directing agent to the metal precursor to obtain a metal precursor template mixture; e) adding at least one alkali silicate solution to the metal precursor template mixture at room temperature to obtain a silica-supported metal complex; and f) calcination of the silica-supported metal complex under air to obtain the supported metal oxide mesoporous silica particles.

A nickel-containing hydroxide particle covered with cobalt capable of preventing cracks and fissures in the particle and fine powder from being generated due to having an excellent particle strength is provided. The nickel-containing hydroxide particle covered with cobalt, including a covering layer containing cobalt oxyhydroxide formed on a nickel-containing hydroxide particle, wherein an average particle strength is 65.0 MPa or more and 100.0 MPa or less for a particle diameter with a cumulative volume percentage of 50% by volume (D50) of 10.0 μm or larger and 11.5 μm or smaller.