A magnetic fiber comprises a core comprising a spinel ferrite of formula Me.sub.1-xM.sub.xFe.sub.yO.sub.4, wherein Me is Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, or a combination thereof, x=0 to 0.25, and y=1.5 to 2.5, wherein the core is solid or at least partially hollow; and a shell at least partially surrounding the core, and comprising a Me.sub.1-xM.sub.xFe.sub.y alloy, wherein when the core is solid with Me=Ni and x=0 the magnetic fiber has a diameter of greater than 0.3 micrometer. A magneto-dielectric material having a magnetic loss tangent of less than or equal to 0.03 at 1 GHz comprises a polymer matrix; and a plurality of the magnetic fibers.

A method of producing a positive electrode active material, the method includes: contacting first particles that contain a lithium transition metal composite oxide with a solution containing sodium ions to obtain second particles containing the lithium transition metal composite oxide and sodium element, wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a layered structure and a composition ratio of a number of moles of nickel to a total number of moles of metals other than lithium in a range of from 0.7 to less than 1; mixing the second particles and a boron compound to obtain a mixture; and heat-treating the mixture at a temperature in a range of from 100 C. to 450 C.

The present invention relates to a lithium-nickel composite oxide, wherein the lithium-nickel composite oxide is represented by a following general formula: Li.sub.1+uNi.sub.xCo.sub.yA.sub.sB.sub.tO.sub.2+, wherein u, x, y, s, t and in the formula satisfy 0u<0.3, 0.03x0.93, 0.03y0.50, 0.04s0.6, 0t<0.1, 0<0.3 and x+y+s+t=1, wherein an element A is at least one selected from Mn and Al, and an element B is at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr and W, and wherein a content of Fe is less than 10 ppb, and a content of Cr is less than 10 ppb.

A hydroprocessing catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a crystalline transition metal tungstate material or metal sulfides derived therefrom, or both. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline transition metal tungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Excellent thermal stability in addition to excellent cycle property with maintaining a sufficient battery capacity is shown by positive electrode active material particles having a layered rock salt structure, represented by the compositional formula: (Li.sub.X.sub.c)(Ni.sub.aCo.sub.bX.sub.cZ.sub.d)O.sub.2, in the compositional formula: X is a divalent metallic element capable of substituting for Li-site; Z is a metallic element containing at least Al and/or Mn, other than X; 0.931.15; 0.82a<1.00; 0b0.12; 0.001c+e0.040; 0d0.10; and a+b+c+d=1.

An inorganic green pigment includes a material with spinel structure of the general formula selected from the following formulas a) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3xyD.sub.2xB.sub.1x2yNi.sub.3y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.9 and 0.05y0.5, and wherein x+2y1; b) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3xyD.sub.2xyB.sub.1xyNi.sub.2y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.5 and 0.05y0.5; c) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3x4yD.sub.2xB.sub.1x+yNb.sub.y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.5 and 0.05y0.2; d) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3xD.sub.2x2yB.sub.1x+yNb.sub.y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.9 and 0.05y0.2, and wherein xy; and e) (A.sub.1xB.sub.1+x)(C.sub.3x3yD.sub.2xB.sub.1xNb.sub.2yNi.sub.y)O.sub.8, wherein 0.05x0.9 and 0.05y0.2, wherein A is at least one element selected from Co, Zn, Ca, Mg and Cu, wherein B is at least one element selected from Li and Na, wherein C is at least one element selected from Ti, Mn, Sn and Ge, and wherein D is at least one element selected from Cr, B, Fe, Mn and Al.

A hydroprocessing catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a crystalline transition metal tungstate material or metal sulfides derived therefrom, or both. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline transition metal tungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking. A data system comprising at least one processor; at least one memory storing computer-executable instructions; and at least one receiver configured to receive data of at least one unit or stream in fluid communication with and downstream from or upstream to a conversion process comprising at least one reaction catalyzed by the catalyst or a metal sulfide decomposition product of the catalyst has been developed.

The present invention relates to a method of producing metal nanoparticles and metal sulfide nanoparticles using a recombinant microorganism co-expressing metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase, which are heavy metal-adsorbing proteins, and to the use of metal nanoparticles and metal sulfide nanoparticles synthesized by the method. The present invention provides a method for synthesizing metal nanoparticles which have been difficult to synthesize by conventional biological methods. The present invention makes it possible to synthesize metal nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner, and also makes it possible to synthesize metal sulfide nanoparticles. In addition, even metal nanoparticles which could have been produced by conventional chemical or biological methods are produced in a significantly increased yield by use of the method of the present invention.

A system and method for synthesizing a nanoparticle material includes dissolving a metal nitrate in deionized water, adding a hydrogel precursor in the deionized water containing the dissolved metal nitrate to create an aqueous solution, heating the aqueous solution, cooling the aqueous solution to create a solid gel, and calcinating the solid gel to create a metal oxide nanoparticle material. The metal oxide nanoparticle material may include a zinc oxide-based nanoparticle material. The hydrogel precursor may include an agarose gel. The solid gel may be calcinated at approximately 600 C. The solid gel may be calcinated for approximately five hours in the presence of air. The aqueous solution may be heated to a boil. The aqueous solution may be heated at a temperature of 100 C.

A positive electrode active material precursor having a uniform particle size distribution and represented by Formula 1, wherein a percentage of fine powder with an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) of 1 m or less is generated when the positive electrode active material precursor is rolled at 2.5 kgf/cm.sup.2 is less than 1%, and an aspect ratio is 0.93 or more, and a method of preparing the positive electrode active material precursor

[Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yM.sup.1.sub.zM.sup.2.sub.w](OH).sub.2[Formula 1] in Formula 1, 0.5x<1, 0<y0.5, 0<z0.5, and 0w0.1, M.sup.1 includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn and Al, and M.sup.2 includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, W, Mo, Cr, Nb, Mg, Hf, Ta, La, Ti, Sr, Ba, Ce, F, P, S, and Y. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material precursor is also provided.