A hydroprocessing catalyst or catalyst precursor has been developed. The catalyst is a crystalline transition metal tungstate material or metal sulfides derived therefrom. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline ammonia transition metal tungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

A hydroprocessing catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a crystalline transition metal molybdotungstate material. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline ammonia transition metal molybdotungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

A ferrite composition includes a main component and a sub-component. The main component includes 10.0 to 38.0 mol % of a Fe compound in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 3.0 to 11.0 mol % of a Cu compound in terms of CuO, 39.0 to 80.0 mol % (excluding 39.0 mol %) of a Zn compound in terms of ZnO, and a balance of a Ni compound. The sub-component includes 10.0 to 23.0 parts by weight of a Si compound in terms of SiO.sub.2, 0 to 3.0 parts by weight (including 0 parts by weight) of a Co compound in terms of Co.sub.3O.sub.4, and 0.1 to 3.0 parts by weight of a Bi compound in terms of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the main component.

A method of producing a positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the method includes preparing nickel-containing composite oxide particles having a ratio .sup.1D.sub.90/.sup.1D.sub.10 of a 90% particle size .sup.1D.sub.90 to a 10% particle size .sup.1D.sub.10 in volume-based cumulative particle size distribution is 3 or less; mixing the composite oxide particles and a lithium compound to obtain a first mixture; subjecting the first mixture to a first heat treatment at a first temperature and a second heat treatment at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to obtain a first heat-treated product; and subjecting the first heat-treated material to a dispersion treatment.

A highly active quaternary mixed transition metal oxide material has been developed. The material may be sulfided to generate metal sulfides which are used as a catalyst in a conversion process such as hydroprocessing. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

A method for manufacturing a ferromagnetic-particle includes preparing a manufacturing apparatus including a single mode cavity that resonates with a microwave of a predetermined wavelength; a microwave oscillator electrically connected to the single mode cavity and configured to introduce the microwave of a predetermined wavelength into the single mode cavity; a pipe disposed to pass linearly through an inside of the single mode cavity, the pipe being formed of a dielectric material; and a pump configured to introduce, from one end of the pipe, an alkaline reaction liquid in which metal ions of a ferromagnetic metal and hydroxide ions are dissolved; and reacting the reaction liquid in the pipe, introduced by the pump, by introducing the microwave into the single mode cavity so as to generate the ferromagnetic-particle in the pipe.

A method for manufacturing a ferromagnetic-particle includes preparing a manufacturing apparatus including an induction heating coil; a radiofrequency power source electrically connected to the induction heating coil and configured to form an alternating field inside the induction heating coil; a pipe disposed to pass through the induction heating coil, in which at least a partial area of the pipe in an axial direction thereof is formed of a dielectric material and an area, which is nearer to one end of the pipe than the area formed of a dielectric material, is formed of a conductive material; and a pump configured to introduce, from the one end of the pipe, an alkaline reaction liquid in which metal ions of a ferromagnetic metal and hydroxide ions are dissolved; reacting the reaction liquid in the pipe, introduced by the pump, by forming an alternating field inside the induction heating coil; and generating the ferromagnetic-particle in the pipe based on the reaction of the reaction liquid in the pipe.

A method of preparing hollow molybdate composite microspheres includes steps of: (1) dissolving 1-4 mmol of MCl.sub.2 in 20 ml of water to obtain a solution A and dissolving 1-4 mmol. of molybdic acid in 20 ml of water to obtain a solution B, followed by mixing the solution A and the solution B, in which M is Co, Ni, or Cu; (2) dissolving 10-40 mmol of urea in 40 ml of water, adding the mixed solution of step (1) and stirring uniformly; (3) placing the mixed solution of step (2) into a reaction vessel and reacting at 120-160 C. for 6-12 hours; (4) suction filtrating and water washing, followed by drying in a vacuum oven at 40-60 C.; (5) calcination at 350-500 C. for 2-4 hours in a Muffle furnace.

A method for preparing copper-nickel cobaltate nanowires includes steps of: (1) dissolving a soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and copper salt in ultrapure water, and preparing same into a mixed salt solution A; (2) adding 1-4 mmol of sodium dodecyl sulfate to solution A, and dissolving same with stirring; (3) dissolving 12-30 mmol of hexamethylenetetramine in 20 mL of ultrapure water to form solution B; (4) slowly dropwise adding solution B to solution A via a separatory funnel to form solution C, and stirring same for 0.5-1 h; and (5) further transferring same into a 100 mL reaction vessel, reacting same at 100-160 C. for 8-20 h, suction filtration and washing, and drying same at 40-60 C. in a vacuum oven, and further reacting same at 350-800 C. for 1-4 h in a muffle furnace.

A ceramic material, a component, and a method for producing a component are disclosed. In an embodiment a ceramic material includes a structure based on a system selected from the group consisting of NiCoMnO, NiMnO and CoMnO, and at least one dopant selected from lanthanides, wherein the ceramic material has a negative temperature coefficient of an electrical resistance.