Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to zeolites and method for making such zeolites. According to embodiments disclosed herein, a zeolite may have a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm and a plurality of mesopores having diameters of greater than 2 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. The microporous framework may include an MFI framework type. The microporous framework may include silicon atoms, aluminum atoms, oxygen atoms, and transition metal atoms. The transition metal atoms may be dispersed throughout the entire microporous framework.

A method for producing aluminum oxide is provided. The method uses an aluminum-oxide-forming agent containing a partially hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl compound containing an aluminum trialkyl or a mixture thereof, and a solvent. It is thus possible to produce an aluminum oxide thin film or aluminum oxide particles on or in a substrate that is not resistant to polar solvents. A method of producing a polyolefin-based polymer nanocomposite containing zinc oxide particles or aluminum oxide particles using a solution containing a partially hydrolyzed zinc alkyl or a solution containing a partially hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl is also provided. The polyolefin-based polymer nanocomposite contains a polyolefin substrate and zinc oxide particles or aluminum oxide particles, and does not contain a dispersant. The zinc oxide particles or aluminum oxide particles have an average particle size of less than 100 nm.

Described herein is a nanostructured silicon carbonaceous composite material and methods for producing the same. The methods include formation of a metal organic framework/silica (MOF/SiO.sub.2) intermediate material and conversion of the MOF/SiO.sub.2 intermediate material to the nanostructured silicon carbonaceous composite material. Relatively inexpensive and/or recycled materials can be used as precursors in manufacturing the nanostructured silicon carbon composition material, which can be used in various applications, including as silicon anode material in a lithium-ion battery.

A method for manufacturing monocrystalline graphene, includes supplying an aromatic carbon gas onto a single-crystalline metal catalyst to manufacture the monocrystalline graphene.

The present disclosure relates to a novel sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 hybrid crystalline boron nitride and its preparation process. A novel sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 hybrid crystalline boron nitride allotrope, named Gradia BN, is synthesized using sp.sup.2 or sp.sup.3 hybridized boron nitride as raw materials under high-temperature and high-pressure. The basic structural units of Gradia BN are composed of sp.sup.2 hybridized graphite-like structural units and sp.sup.3 hybridized diamond-like structural units. Gradia BN disclosed in the present disclosure is a class of new sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 hybrid boron nitride allotrope, whose crystal structure can vary with the widths and/or crystallographic orientation relationships of internal sp.sup.2 and/or sp.sup.3 structural units, and may have variable physical properties.

Provided is a method of synthesizing apatite powder by emitting a laser beam to a surface of a substrate immersed in a precursor solution. The method is including immersing a substrate in an apatite-forming precursor solution, emitting a laser beam to a region on a surface of the substrate immersed in the precursor solution, and obtaining apatite powder generated in the precursor solution.

A graphene product obtained from Graphene Nanofibers (GNFs), having a modified crystal structure and a defined size distribution. The product is non-toxic and has useful biological properties such as wound healing and improving skin appearance. The product can be used in therapy.

Production method for metal oxide fine particles includes: a step of mixing a fatty acid represented by C.sub.nH.sub.2nO.sub.2 (n=5 to 14) and a metal source consisting of a metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide of at least two metal elements selected from the group consisting of Zn, In, Sn, and Sb to obtain a mixture; a step of heating the mixture at a temperature that is equal to or higher than a melting temperature of the fatty acid and lower than a decomposition temperature of the fatty acid to obtain a metal soap which is a precursor of metal oxide fine particles; and a step of heating the precursor at a temperature that is equal to or higher than a melting temperature of the precursor and lower than a decomposition temperature of the precursor to obtain metal oxide fine particles having an average particle diameter of 80 nm or less.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a citrate-coated amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticle which comprises the following steps: 1) providing a first solution of a salt of calcium and a citrate salt wherein the molar ratio of citrate ion to calcium ion is in the range from 1 to 2 thus obtaining a clear first solution; 2) providing a second solution of a salt capable to give phosphate anion and a carbonate salt; 3) mixing together the first and the second solution at a pH in the range from 8 to 11; 4) precipitating the nanoparticle; and 5) drying the nanoparticle obtained from step 4). Preferably and advantageously the invention provides for the addition of a fluoride compound in step 2) for obtaining a fluorine-doped citrate-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticle or a nanoparticle agglomerate. The nanoparticle/nanoparticle agglomerate of the invention has a peculiar superficial area and a diameter that allow to use it as a biomaterial for dentistry application.

The present invention relates to methods for producing mixtures comprising noble metal and phyllomineral, and compositions obtained from said methods.