Described is a fuel cell comprising an electrode catalyst assembly, and a two-dimensional (2D) amorphous carbon, wherein the 2D amorphous carbon has a crystallinity (C)≤0.8.

A solid electrolyte for an all-solid-state sodium battery, represented by formula: Na.sub.3−xSb.sub.1−xα.sub.xS.sub.4, wherein α is selected from elements that provide Na.sub.3−xSb.sub.1−xα.sub.xS.sub.4 exhibiting a higher ionic conductivity than Na.sub.3SbS.sub.4, and x is 0<x<1.

Process for producing a silicon-carbon composite powder in which a) a gas stream A containing at least one starting compound of silicon selected from the group consisting of SiH.sub.4, Si.sub.2H.sub.6 and Si.sub.3H.sub.8, and b) a gas stream B containing at least one starting compound of carbon selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, ethylene and acetylene
are reacted in a hot wall reactor at a temperature of less than 900° C., the reaction mixture is cooled or allowed to cool and the pulverulent reaction product is separated from gaseous materials.

This backing material for ultrasonic probes substantially comprises porous amorphous carbon.

A method of producing a solid electrolyte having a high ionic conductivity, which adopts a liquid-phase method and suppresses the generation of hydrogen sulfide, wherein a raw material inclusion containing a lithium element, a sulfur element, a phosphorus element, and a halogen element is mixed with a complexing agent containing a compound having at least two tertiary amino groups; and an electrolyte precursor constituted of a lithium element, a sulfur element, a phosphorus element, a halogen element, and a complexing agent containing a compound having at least two tertiary amino groups.

A sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound is provided. The sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound includes: two inorganic material layers, each extending in one direction and facing each other; and an organic material layer disposed between the two inorganic material layers, wherein each of the inorganic material layers has a gibbsite structure in which a divalent metal cation is doped to an octahedral site, and the organic material layer includes a plurality of pillar portions, each of which is chemically bound to each of the two inorganic material layers such that the two inorganic material layers are connected to each other.

A composition of graphene-based nanomaterials characterized by at least one area of one atomic layer of graphene monoxide, wherein at least a portion of oxygen molecules present in the graphene monoxide are incorporated into specific crystalline structural moieties, methods of making the same, electrodes in electrochemical devices incorporating the same, and compositions of lithium and graphene monoxide containing materials that result from cycling said electrodes.

A method for converting amorphous boron nitride to crystalline boron nitride, the method comprising immersing the amorphous boron nitride into anhydrous molten magnesium chloride maintained within a temperature range of 720° C.-820° C. while the amorphous boron nitride is cathodically polarized at a voltage within a range of −2.2V to −2.8V for a period of time of at least 2 minutes to result in conversion of the amorphous boron nitride to the crystalline form. Also described herein is a method for converting an amorphous carbon material to a crystalline carbon material, the method comprising immersing said amorphous carbon material into anhydrous molten magnesium chloride maintained within a temperature range of 780° C.-820° C. while the amorphous carbon material is cathodically polarized at a voltage within a range of −2.2V to −2.8V for a period of time of at least 2 minutes to result in conversion of the amorphous carbon material to the crystalline form.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of doped and undoped spherical or spheroidal lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) powder products, and methods of production using microwave plasma processing, which can be incorporated into solid state lithium ion batteries. Advantageously, embodiments of the disclosed LLZO powder display a high quality, high purity stoichiometry, small particle size, narrow size distribution, spherical morphology, and customizable crystalline structure.

The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising at least two different carbonaceous components, at least one being a surface-modified carbonaceous particulate material typically having a relatively high spring-back, and at least one other component being a carbonaceous particulate material (such as graphite) generally having a lower spring-back and/or a higher BET specific surface area than the surface-modified carbonaceous material component. Such compositions are particularly useful for making negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and the like in view of their beneficial electrochemical properties, particularly in automotive and energy storage applications. The present disclosure also relates to the use of a low-spring-back carbonaceous particulate materials as an additive in carbonaceous compositions, wherein said compositions are used to prepare anodes for Li-ion batteries in order to increase the electrode density, the cell capacity and/or the cycling stability of said battery while maintaining the power density of the cell compared to a cell with an anode absent the carbonaceous additive.