Nanosized lithium phosphate sulfide solid state electrolytes are synthesized by a facile method using ethyl acetate as the solvent. SSE compositions comprising nanosized lithium phosphate sulfide synthesized using the methods include particles having an average diameter of from 50 nm to 1000 nm. The nanosized lithium phosphate sulfide has a formula Li.sub.xP.sub.yS.sub.z, wherein 3≤x ≤7, 1≤y≤3, and 4≤z≤11.

A solid electrolyte contains a thio-LISICON Region II-type crystal structure, where the solid electrolyte does not contain P.sub.2S.sub.6.sup.4− structure. A solid electrolyte, where:

(1) a signal of a thio-LISICON Region II-type crystal structure is observed in the solid .sup.31P-NMR spectrometry, and

(2) a signal of a P.sub.2S.sub.6.sup.4− structure is not observed in the solid .sup.31P-NMR spectrometry.

To provide a metal-based structure or nanoparticles whose homogeneity is not deteriorated and whose sticking formation is easy, and a production method thereof with a high safety. A metal-based structure comprises a hydrogen compound, cluster, or an aggregate thereof, represented by the general formula: M.sub.mH. The M is a metal-based atom. The m is an integer of 3 or more and 300 or less. H is a hydrogen atom.

In an amorphous complex metal oxide and a method for producing the same of the present disclosure, the amorphous complex metal oxide is a three-components metal oxide containing titanium (Ti), cerium (Ce), and zirconium (Zr), wherein the amorphous complex metal oxide is amorphous.

A co-assembly method for synthesizing inverse photonic structures is described. The method includes combining an onium compound with a sol-gel precursor to form metal oxide (MO) nanocrystals, where each MO nanocrystal has crystalline and amorphous content. The MO nanocrystals are combined with templating particles to form a suspension. A solvent is evaporated from the suspension to form an intermediate or compound product, which then undergoes calcination to produce an inverse structure.

Described is a composite material composed of an atomically thin (single layer) amorphous carbon disposed on top of a substrate (metal, glass, oxides) and methods of growing and differentiating stem cells.

A porous amorphous silicon which enables improvement in battery performances such as charge/discharge efficiency and battery capacity when used as the anode material; a method for producing a porous amorphous silicon, capable of producing a porous amorphous silicon composed entirely of amorphous silicon at relatively low cost in a short time; and a secondary battery using the porous amorphous silicon as the anode material. A molten metal containing metal and silicon is cooled at a cooling rate of 10.sup.6 K/sec or more to form an eutectic alloy including the metal and the silicon, and then the metal is selectively eluted from the eutectic alloy with an acid or an alkali to obtain a porous amorphous silicon. The porous amorphous silicon has a lamellar or columnar structure having a mean lamellar diameter or a mean column diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm.

The present disclosure discloses an ion conductor with high room-temperature ionic conductivity and a preparation method thereof. This method employs solid-phase sintering and ion exchange technologies, and can prepare crystalline and amorphous transition metal silicate by adjusting the addition ratio of sodium source. The chemical formula of the prepared transition metal silicate is A.sub.2-2xMSiO.sub.4-x, wherein A is Na, Li, Mg, Ca, or Zn; M is a transition metal Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, V, or Ni, when 0<x≤0.5, the prepared transition metal silicate is crystalline, and the degree of crystallization decreases as x increases; and when 0.5<x<1, the transition metal silicate is amorphous.

A lithium metal composite oxide powder has a layered structure, and includes at least Li, Ni, an element X, and an element M. The element X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, Mo, Nb, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga and V. The element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Si, S and P. A molar ratio of Ni to a sum of Ni and the element X, Ni/(Ni+X), is 0.40 or more. A molar ratio of the element M to a sum of Ni and the element X, M/(Ni+X), is more than 0 and 0.05 or less. The lithium metal composite oxide powder has core particles and coatings. The coatings include the element M at a concentration of more than 0.0185 mol/cm.sup.3 and 0.070 mol/cm.sup.3 or less.

A corrosion-resistant member including: a metal base material (10); and a corrosion-resistant coating (30) formed on the surface of the base material (10). The corrosion-resistant coating (30) is a stack of a magnesium fluoride layer (31) and an aluminum fluoride layer (32) in order from the base material (10) side. The aluminum fluoride layer (32) is a stack of a first crystalline layer (32A) containing crystalline aluminum fluoride, an amorphous layer (32B) containing amorphous aluminum fluoride, and a second crystalline layer (32C) containing crystalline aluminum fluoride in order from the magnesium fluoride layer (31) side. The first crystalline layer (32A) and the second crystalline layer (32C) are layers in which diffraction spots are observed in electron beam diffraction images obtained by electron beam irradiation and the amorphous layer (32B) is a layer in which a halo pattern is observed in an electron beam diffraction image obtained by electron beam irradiation.