A conducting thin film structure or pattern which facilitates the insertion of dopant atoms, ions, or molecules into layered 2D materials including: a layered 2D material, an electrically isolative material disposed below the layered 2D material, where the layered 2D material has at least one layer, where the layered 2D material includes slots, where the slots include etched regions where the layered 2D material is at least partially etched away, where the etched regions include a width greater than 0.5 nm and less than 1 meter, where the layered 2D material is intercalation doped with at least one dopant, where the at least one dopant includes at least one intercalation doping agent, where the layered 2D material with the slots is fully intercalation doped (stage-1 intercalation) or partially intercalation doped, where a first portion of the layered 2D material is doped p-type, and a second portion is doped n-type.

A composite powder for use in a negative electrode of a battery comprising composite particles, said composite particles comprising a carbon matrix material and silicon-based particles embedded in said carbon matrix material, said composite powder having a Raman spectrum, wherein a D band and a D'band, both corresponding to the carbon matrix material contribution, have their respective maximum intensity I.sub.D between 1330 cm.sup.1 and 1360 cm.sup.1 and I.sub.D between 1600 cm.sup.1 and 1620 cm.sup.1, wherein the ratio I.sub.D/I.sub.D is at least equal to 0.9 and at most equal to 4.0.

A conducting thin film structure or pattern which facilitates the insertion of dopant atoms, ions, or molecules into layered 2D materials including: a layered 2D material, an electrically isolative material disposed below the layered 2D material, where the layered 2D material has at least one layer, where the layered 2D material includes slots, where the slots include etched regions where the layered 2D material is at least partially etched away, where the etched regions include a width greater than 0.5 nm and less than 1 meter, where the layered 2D material is intercalation doped with at least one dopant, where the at least one dopant includes at least one intercalation doping agent, where the layered 2D material with the slots is fully intercalation doped (stage-1 intercalation) or partially intercalation doped, where a first portion of the layered 2D material is doped p-type, and a second portion is doped n-type.

A matrix, an anode material, and a secondary battery. The matrix has pores. The matrix includes a carbon material. An average value D.sub.0 of particle sizes of the matrix is 5.5 m to 9.5 m, and a standard deviation S.sub.0 of the particle sizes of the matrix is 0.08 to 0.35. The anode material includes the matrix and an active substance. The matrix has the pores, and at least partial active substance is disposed in the pores of the matrix. An average value D.sub.1 of particle sizes of the anode material is 5.5 m to 9.5 m, and a standard deviation S.sub.1 of the particle sizes of the anode material is 0.1 to 0.35.

A negative electrode material has a core-shell structure. The shell includes a carbon layer, the core includes porous carbon and silicon particles distributed in the pores of the porous carbon, and the negative electrode material has a weight-gain peak between 400 C. and 900 C. on a derivative thermogravimetric curve of the negative electrode material.

The application provides a spherical silicon-based lithium storage material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises: providing a spherical matrix with a layered stacking structure; providing a spherical matrix with a layered stacking structure; performing different activation treatment steps to the spherical matrix by adopting an activation agent, and forming carbonaceous substance in pore channels formed by each activation treatment step; and forming silicon-containing substance in the pore channels after the different activation treatment steps and the carbonaceous substance is formed. The spherical silicon-based lithium storage material and the preparation method thereof of the technical scheme of the application may not only ensure the high sphericity of the material, but also improve the capacity of the material, and simultaneously, when being made into a lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery may have excellent cycling performance and rapid rate charging performance.

The invention relates to a process for preparing composite particles, the process comprising contacting the plurality of particles in the reaction zone with a gas comprising at least 25 vol % of a silicon-containing precursor at a temperature effective to cause deposition of silicon in the pores of the porous particles. A controlled temperature differential between the maximum temperature of the internal surfaces of the reaction zone and the simultaneous minimum temperature within the plurality of porous particles is maintained during the contacting step.

The invention relates to a process for preparing composite particles, the process comprising contacting the plurality of particles in the reaction zone with a gas comprising at least 25 vol % of a silicon-containing precursor at a temperature effective to cause deposition of silicon in the pores of the porous particles. A controlled temperature differential between the maximum temperature of the internal surfaces of the reaction zone and the simultaneous minimum temperature within the plurality of porous particles is maintained during the contacting step.

The present disclosure provides a pyrazole cobalt-based metal-organic framework material, a chemical formula of the pyrazole cobalt-based metal-organic framework material is CoC.sub.12H.sub.8N.sub.4, and the pyrazole cobalt-based metal-organic framework material is named Co-DPB; a ligand of the Co-DPB is 1,3-Di (1-H-pyrazolyl) benzene H.sub.2DPB, and a structural formula is

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and the Co-DPB is prepared by a solvothermal reaction of an organic ligand H.sub.2DPB and a cobalt source; and the Co-DPB is a purple bulk crystal material.

Provided is an anode material, a negative electrode plate and a secondary battery, and relates to the technical field of secondary batteries. The anode material includes natural graphite and amorphous carbon filled in pores of the natural graphite; a particle hardness of the anode material is 0.28 GPa-0.4 GPa, and an elastic modulus is 7.0 GPa-8.0 GPa; and when a tablet compaction density of the anode material is 1.5 g/cm.sup.3-2.0 g/cm.sup.3, a tablet orientation OI value of the anode material is y, and 4<y11. When the anode material is used in the secondary battery, initial coulombic efficiency and cycle stability can be significantly improved.