The present invention relates to a method for preparing a nano-titanate, a nano-titanic acid and a nano-TiO.sub.2 containing doping E or embedding E nanoparticles, and the use thereof. By using an E-doped Ti-T intermetallic compound as a titanium source, and reacting it with alkaline solution at atmospheric pressure and near its boiling-point temperature, an E-doped titanate nanofilm is prepared with high efficiency and in a short time. Through acid treatment and (or) heat treatment, a titanate nanofilm containing embedding E nanoparticles, an E-doped titanic acid nanofilm, and a titanic acid nanofilm and a TiO.sub.2 flake powder containing embedding E nanoparticles can be further prepared. Through a subsequent reaction at high temperature and pressure, the preparation of an E-doped titanate nanotubes and titanic acid nanotubes, and titanic acid nanotubes and TiO.sub.2 nanotubes/nanorods containing embedding E nanoparticles can be achieved in high efficiency and low-cost.

The present invention provides a layered double hydroxide with improved conductivity, a layered double hydroxide and a composite material containing the layered double hydroxide. The layered double hydroxide is represented by the general formula: [Mg.sup.2+.sub.(1-y)M1.sup.+.sub.y].sub.1-x[Al.sup.3+.sub.(1-z)M2.sup.+.sub.z].sub.x(OH).sub.2A.sup.n.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2O, wherein 0.1x0.4, 0y0.95, and 0z0.95, provided that both y and z are not 0 at the same time; =1 or 2; =2 or 3; A.sup.n is an n-valent anion, provided that n is an integer of 1 or greater; m0; M1.sup.+ is a cation of at least one substituent element selected from monovalent elements, transition metal elements, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Mg.sup.2+; and M2.sup.+ is a cation of at least one element selected from divalent elements, transition metals, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Al.sup.3+.

The application provides a porous negative electrode active material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the porous negative electrode active material includes: a first structure including 0-4 valence silicon elements and metal doping elements, wherein the mass percentage of the silicon elements is not less than 40%, and the mass percentage of the metal doping elements is 1%-15%; the first structure includes a porous structure, and the porous structure includes micropores with a pore diameter of less than 2 nm and mesopores with a pore diameter of 2 nm-50 nm; the first structure further includes silicon grains, and the size of the silicon grains is no more than 10 nm; the adsorption-desorption curve of the porous negative electrode active material has a hysteresis loop, the relative pressure corresponding to the hysteresis loop is 0.4-1, and the adsorption capacity is 5 cm.sup.3/g-25 cm.sup.3/g.

Gallia particles containing molybdenum. A method for producing the gallia particles, including calcining a gallium compound in the presence of a molybdenum compound.

The invention relates to a method for exchanging interlayer anions of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) with other anions whose affinity for the LDH is lower than the one of the starting interlayer anions, which comprises the successive steps of: (1) exchanging the starting interlayer anions of a layered double hydroxide with polyoxometalate anions in order to obtain a layered double hydroxide with polyoxometalate anions as interlayer anions, and (2) exchanging the polyoxometalate anions of the layered double hydroxide obtained in step (1) with other anions whose affinity for the LDH is lower than the one of the starting interlayer anions in order to obtain a layered double hydroxide with other anions as interlayer anions.

The Li-ion paradigm of battery technology is fundamentally constrained by the monovalency of the Li-ion. A straightforward solution is to transition to multivalent ion chemistries, with Mg.sup.2+ the most obvious candidate due to considerations of size and mass. Despite early interest, the realization of Mg batteries has faced myriad obstacles, including a sparse selection of cathode materials demonstrating the ability to reversibly insert divalent ions. Disclosed herein is evidence of reversible topochemical and electrochemical insertion of Mg.sup.2+ into a metastable one-dimensional polymorph of V.sub.2O.sub.5. Not only does ?-V.sub.2O.sub.5 represent a rare addition to the pantheon of functional Mg battery cathode materials, but is also distinctive in exhibiting a combination of high stability, high specific capacity due to ion insertion, and moderately high operating voltage.

The present invention addresses the problem of realizing bismuth sulfide which readily reflects infrared light and which has a degree of blackness that is equal to or greater than that of carbon black. The present invention pertains to bismuth sulfide particles which include aggregated secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated, and in which the cumulative 50% diameter (D1) in a cumulative volume distribution, as measured by a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring device is 0.2 ?m to 10 ?m, inclusive. Included is a step in which a bismuth compound and a sulfur compound are heated at 30? C. to 100? C., inclusive, in a dispersion medium in the presence of a protective agent.

The present disclosure sets forth battery components for secondary and/or traction batteries. Described herein are new solid-state lithium (Li) conducting electrolytes including monolithic, single layer, and bi-layer solid-state sulfide-based lithium ion (Li.sup.+) conducting catholytes or electrolytes. These solid-state ion conductors have particular chemical compositions which are arranged and/or bonded through both crystalline and amorphous bonds. Also provided herein are methods of making these solid-state sulfide-based lithium ion conductors including new annealing methods. These ion conductors are useful, for example, as membrane separators in rechargeable batteries.

A porous carbon material, a method for preparing the same, a positive electrode including the same, and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same are provided. The porous carbon material has a specific surface area of 200 to 1,700 m.sup.2/g and impurities therefrom are removed through pre-treatment using microwaves. The porous carbon material, when applied to the positive electrode of the lithium-sulfur battery, improves the charging overvoltage problem of the lithium-sulfur battery.

An efficient microwave-assisted preparation method with one-step simultaneous reduction/embedding of a metal monatomic-doped reduced graphene oxide dielectric material. A metal salt aqueous solution is added to a graphene oxide aqueous dispersion to obtain a mixed dispersion. The mixed dispersion is mechanically stirred, such that the metal salt fully interacts with the graphene oxide, and the metal ions are uniformly loaded on a surface of the graphene oxide sheets through the interaction between metal ions and the oxygen-containing functional groups of the graphene oxide. The mixed dispersion is freeze-dried to obtain a metal salt/graphene oxide complex, which is subjected to a microwave treatment in the presence of an initiator in a microwave oven to allow reduction to obtain the metal monatomic-doped reduced graphene oxide dielectric material. An application of the metal monatomic-doped reduced graphene oxide dielectric material is also provided.