A two-dimensional particle that includes: one or plural layers, wherein the one or plural layers include a layer body represented by: M.sub.mX.sub.n, wherein M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is 1 to 4, and m is more than n but not more than 5, and a modifier or terminal T exists on a surface of the layer body; and a Li atom, wherein the Li atom includes a first component and a second component in which a chemical shift measured by .sup.7Li NMR is larger than that of the first component, and wherein a proportion of the first component in a total of the first component and the second component is not less than 17% by atom and not more than 70% by atom.

An efficient microwave-assisted preparation method with one-step simultaneous reduction/embedding of a metal monatomic-doped reduced graphene oxide dielectric material. A metal salt aqueous solution is added to a graphene oxide aqueous dispersion to obtain a mixed dispersion. The mixed dispersion is mechanically stirred, such that the metal salt fully interacts with the graphene oxide, and the metal ions are uniformly loaded on a surface of the graphene oxide sheets through the interaction between metal ions and the oxygen-containing functional groups of the graphene oxide. The mixed dispersion is freeze-dried to obtain a metal salt/graphene oxide complex, which is subjected to a microwave treatment in the presence of an initiator in a microwave oven to allow reduction to obtain the metal monatomic-doped reduced graphene oxide dielectric material. An application of the metal monatomic-doped reduced graphene oxide dielectric material is also provided.

Layered double hydroxides organo-modified by 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPPA), by 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylsulfonic acid or by a hydroxyphenylpropenoic acid, and to composite polymer materials having same. The composite materials are advantageously made of biosourced polymers such as poly(butylene succinate). These composite materials have improved properties over the polymers that make up the composition thereof, and over the composites of the prior art.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to graphene fibers and, more particularly, to graphene fibers comprising intercalated large-sized graphene oxide (LGGO)/graphene sheets and small-sized graphene oxide (SMGO)/graphene sheets having high thermal and electrical conductivities and high mechanical strength. In one embodiment, the invention provides a graphene fiber comprising: a plurality of intercalated graphene sheets including: a plurality of large-sized graphene sheets; and a plurality of small-sized graphene sheets, wherein at least one of the plurality of small-sized graphene sheets is disposed between at least two of the plurality of large-sized graphene sheets.

A negative electrode active material including negative electrode active material particles, wherein the negative electrode active material particles contain silicon compound particles containing lithium and oxygen, a ratio between oxygen and silicon satisfying SiOx:0.8X1.2, and containing Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3, a Si crystallite size is 10 nm or less, the particles are coated with a carbon coating, and a peak height P1 derived from at least a part of lithium carbonate and a peak height P2 derived from at least a part of Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3 satisfy a relationship of 2P2/P13.5, the peak of P1 appearing within a range of a diffraction angle 2 of 20 to 21 and the peak of P2 appearing within a range of the diffraction angle 2 of 17 to 20 with X-ray diffraction using CuK radiation.

The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a silicon clathrate active material having a small expansion and a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery including manufacturing such a silicon clathrate active material. The method of the present disclosure for manufacturing a silicon clathrate active material comprises oxidizing a surface of a sodium-containing silicon clathrate at least partially, and washing the oxidized sodium-containing silicon clathrate with an acid. The method of the present disclosure for manufacturing a lithium ion battery comprises manufacturing a silicon clathrate active material by the method of the present disclosure, and forming a negative electrode active material layer using the silicon clathrate active material.

A method to produce high quality single or a few atomic layers thick samples of a topological insulating layered dichalcogenide. The overall process involves grinding layered dichalcogenides, adding them to an ionic liquid, and then using a mechanical method to cause intercalation of the ionic liquid into the van der Waals (VDW) gap between the layers of the metal chalcogenide.

The present invention provides a layered double hydroxide with improved conductivity, a layered double hydroxide and a composite material containing the layered double hydroxide. The layered double hydroxide is represented by the general formula: [Mg.sup.2+.sub.(1-y)M1.sup.+.sub.y].sub.1-x[Al.sup.3+.sub.(1-z)M2.sup.+.sub.z].sub.x(OH).sub.2A.sup.n.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2O, wherein 0.1x0.4, 0y0.95, and 0z0.95, provided that both y and z are not 0 at the same time; =1 or 2; =2 or 3; A.sup.n is an n-valent anion, provided that n is an integer of 1 or greater; m0; M1.sup.+ is a cation of at least one substituent element selected from monovalent elements, transition metal elements, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Mg.sup.2+; and M2.sup.+ is a cation of at least one element selected from divalent elements, transition metals, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Al.sup.3+.

A silicon carbon composite material includes a carbon matrix and a silicon material, the carbon matrix has a cross-linked porous structure internally, and the silicon material is at least partially distributed in the cross-linked porous structure. A value of flexibility C1 of the silicon carbon composite material satisfies 0.4C12. C1 is a factor by which a compression deformation variable of the silicon carbon composite material is scaled to be equal to its rebound deformation variable, representing flexibility of the silicon carbon composite material. When the C1 value satisfies 0.4C12, the silicon carbon composite material has good flexibility, reducing overall impact of expansion stress of silicon on the silicon carbon composite material, and allowing for a certain degree of contractility of the carbon matrix framework, so that residual stress can be received and released, thereby maintaining overall stability of the silicon carbon composite material.

Methods for making an intercalated layered film, intercalated layered films, and devices that include the intercalated layered films. In the method, in a first step, a suspension of a dispersed two-dimensional compound in a fluid is filtered through a filtration medium to provide a layered film of the two-dimensional compound on the filtration medium, and in a second step, filtering a solution of an intercalant in a solvent through the layered film of the two-dimensional compound on the filtration medium to provide the intercalated layered film.