There is provided molybdenum oxide for an active material of an electricity storage device having excellent rate characteristics and structural stability. A turbostratic material 1 has a turbostratic structure composed of a plurality of nanosheets 2, where the nanosheets have the composition MoO.sub.2.

This invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium activated alumina intercalate solid by contacting a three-dimensional activated alumina with a lithium salt under conditions sufficient to infuse lithium salts into activated alumina for the selective extraction and recovery of lithium from lithium containing solutions, including brines.

The present invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer or at least two layers, each layer comprising a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, having first and second surfaces, each crystal cell having the empirical formula of M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where M, X, and n are described in the specification, and devices incorporating these compositions.

The present invention provides a layered double hydroxide with improved conductivity, a layered double hydroxide and a composite material containing the layered double hydroxide. The layered double hydroxide is represented by the general formula: [Mg.sup.2+.sub.(1-y)M1.sup.+.sub.y].sub.1-x[Al.sup.3+.sub.(1-z)M2.sup.+.sub.z].sub.x(OH).sub.2A.sup.n.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2O, wherein 0.1x0.4, 0y0.95, and 0z0.95, provided that both y and z are not 0 at the same time; =1 or 2; =2 or 3; A.sup.n is an n-valent anion, provided that n is an integer of 1 or greater; m0; M1.sup.+ is a cation of at least one substituent element selected from monovalent elements, transition metal elements, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Mg.sup.2+; and M2.sup.+ is a cation of at least one element selected from divalent elements, transition metals, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Al.sup.3+.

In an embodiment, a cathode active material can include a lithium oxide having a disordered rocksalt (DRX) structure, and the lithium oxide is configured to phase-transform from the DRX structure into a spinel-like structure during charging so as to alleviate and/or prevent rate capability decrease and irreversible voltage drop caused by lithium and manganese existing in excess in the lithium oxide, and a lithium secondary battery embodiment including the same.

Provided herein are composite materials for use in an electrical energy storage system (e.g., a high-capacity battery) and methods for preparing the same. The composite materials provided herein are also useful as substrates for chemical vapor deposition of silicon. The composite materials of the present disclosure include a three-dimensional carbon network and optional silicon particles. The composite materials further include mega pores, at least some of which are formed by carbonizing sacrificial particles dispersed throughout a three-dimensional network. The mega pores advantageously provide a space to accommodate the strain and stress in the electrode structure due to volume changes of silicon (particles) during charge and discharge of the electrical energy storage system.

A stressed composite material is disclosed, characterized in that it contains Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12 spinel nanocrystallites in an amount of 25-93% by weight, encapsulated during the pyrolysis process in a tightly adherent and conductive carbon aerogel matrix with a carbon content of 7-74% by weight, with a specific surface area of the composite of 44-426 m.sup.2/g, and a pore volume of the composite of 0.03-0.21 cm.sup.3/g, and an average pore size of the composite of 2-3 nm. Also disclosed is a method for obtaining the stressed composite material and an application of the stressed composite material for manufacturing electrode materials and lithium-ion cells.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating chemical reactants, including elemental metals such as calcium in a nanoporous carbon powder, and forming products therefrom, such as calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide.

The present disclosure sets forth battery components for secondary and/or traction batteries. Described herein are new solid-state lithium (Li) conducting electrolytes including monolithic, single layer, and bi-layer solid-state sulfide-based lithium ion (Li.sup.+) conducting catholytes or electrolytes. These solid-state ion conductors have particular chemical compositions which are arranged and/or bonded through both crystalline and amorphous bonds. Also provided herein are methods of making these solid-state sulfide-based lithium ion conductors including new annealing methods. These ion conductors are useful, for example, as membrane separators in rechargeable batteries.

Relating to the field of anode material, an anode material, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery provided. The anode material includes an aggregate, and the aggregate includes a carbon material and a silicon-based material, where the anode material has a porosity W of 2.5%, and particles with a pore diameter of >50 nm in the anode material has a quantity proportion P of 1%. The porosity of the anode material is obtained by the following test method: a pore volume V of the anode material is tested by using a micro-pores size distribution method; and a true density P of the anode material is tested, and the porosity W of the anode material is calculated to be W=V/(V+1/P). The anode material effectively isolates electrolyte, prevents structure of the anode material from collapsing, and improves cycle performance of the battery.