A ceramic powder material which contains an LLZ-based garnet-type compound represented by Li.sub.7−3xAl.sub.xLa.sub.3Zr.sub.2O.sub.12 (where x satisfies 0≤x≤0.3) and in which a main phase of a crystal phase undergoes phase transition from a tetragonal phase to a cubic phase in the process of raising a temperature from 25° C. to 1050° C. and the main phase is the cubic phase even after the temperature is lowered to 25° C.

Methods of forming non-metal doped metal oxide nanoparticles using a flame spray pyrolysis process are described. The non-metal doped metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit high photocatalytic activity. Specific non-metal doped metal oxides nanoparticles which can be formed by the described processes include nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide and sulfur-doped titanium dioxide.

A powder of melted particles, more than 95% by number of the particles exhibiting a circularity of greater than or equal to 0.85. The powder including more than 99.8% of a rare earth metal oxide and/or of hafnium oxide and/or of an aluminum oxide, as percentage by mass based on the oxides. The powder has a median particle size D.sub.50 of less than 15 μm, a 90 percentile of the particle sizes, D.sub.90, of less than 30 μm, and a size dispersion index (D.sub.90−D.sub.10)/D.sub.10 of less than 2, and a relative density of greater than 90%. The D.sub.n percentiles of the powder are the particle sizes corresponding to the percentages, by number, of n %, on the cumulative distribution curve of the size of the particles in the powder and the particle sizes are classified by increasing order.

Silicon-carbon composite materials and related processes are disclosed that overcome the challenges for providing amorphous nano-sized silicon entrained within porous carbon. Compared to other, inferior materials and processes described in the prior art, the materials and processes disclosed herein find superior utility in various applications, including energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries.

A scintillator for positron emission tomography is provided. The scintillator includes a garnet compound of a formula of A.sub.3B.sub.2C.sub.3O.sub.12 and an activator ion consisting of cerium. A.sub.3 is A.sub.2X. X consists of at least one lanthanide element. A.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of (i), (ii), (iii), and any combination thereof, wherein (i) consists of at least one lanthanide element, (ii) consists of at least one group I element selected from the group consisting of Na and K, and (iii) consists of at least one group II element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba. B.sub.2 consists of Sn, Ti, Hf, Zr, and any combination thereof. C.sub.3 consists of Al, Ga, Li, and any combination thereof. The garnet compound is doped with the activator ion.

High surface area, high entropy oxides comprising multiple metal cations in a single-phase fluorite lattice material enables intrinsic catalytic activity without platinum group metals, tunable oxygen storage capacity, and thermal stability. These properties can be obtained through a facile sol-gel synthesis to provide a low-temperature route for production of phase-pure multi-cationic oxides. The resulting materials achieved significantly higher surface area and catalytic performance, taking advantage of all the properties endowed by the various cations in the composition.

A ceramic complex that has improved optical characteristics including luminous efficiency is provided. A method for producing a ceramic complex, including: preparing a molded body containing rare earth aluminum garnet fluorescent material, aluminum oxide, and lutetium oxide, and having a content of the rare earth aluminum garnet fluorescent material in a range of 15% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and a content of the lutetium oxide in a range of 0.2% by mass or more and 4.5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the rare earth aluminum garnet fluorescent material, the aluminum oxide, and the lutetium oxide; and calcining the molded body in an air atmosphere to provide a ceramic complex having a relative density in a range of 90% or more and less than 100%.

Methods and materials are disclosed for simultaneously optimizing both the piezoelectric and mechanical properties of wurtzite piezoelectric materials based on the AlN wurtzite and alloyed with one or two end-members from the set BN, YN, CrN, and ScN.

A compound includes indium element (In), gallium element (Ga), aluminum element (Al) and oxygen element (O), the compound having a triclinic crystal system with lattice constants being a=10.07±0.15 Å, b=10.45±0.15 Å, c=11.01±0.15 Å, α=111.70±0.50°, β=107.70±0.50° and γ=90.00±0.50°.

As a novel sulfide compound having a low elastic modulus while retaining high ion conductivity, a sulfide compound for a solid electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery that includes a crystal phase of a cubic argyrodite type crystal structure, and is represented by the compositional formula: Li.sub.7−xPS.sub.6−xCl.sub.yBr.sub.z, wherein x in the compositional formula satisfies x=y+z and 1.0<x≤1.8, and a ratio, z/y, of the molar ratio of Br to the molar ratio of Cl is from 0.1 to 10.0.