Modular pressurized hotbox for use and substitution in a variety of pressurized electrochemical applications to include reversible solid oxide electrolyzer and fuel cells, energy storage systems, renewable fuel production, solid-state hydrogen pumping and liquefaction, and oxygen transport membranes. This is enabled by mixed electronic and ionic conducting compositions of vanadia-yttria and vanadia-calcia stabilized zirconia and a dry powder method of manufacture for ceramic core stacks.

The present invention relates, in general terms, to piezoelectric thin films with an empirical formula (K.sub.1xNa.sub.x).sub.yNbO.sub.3, wherein 0≤x≤1 and 0.64≤y≤0.95. In particular, the piezoelectric thin film comprises at least two adjacent NbO.sub.2 planes in an antiphase boundary, the at least two adjacent NbO.sub.2 planes displaced from each other by about half a lattice length in either the (100), (010) or (100) crystallographic plane. The present invention also relates to methods of fabricating the piezoelectric thin films.

A device comprising a nonlinear optical (NLO) material according to the formula XLi.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F. A device comprising a nonlinear optical material (NLO) according to the formula KSrCO.sub.3F, wherein the NLO comprises at least one single crystal. A nonlinear optical material selected from the group consisting of KSrCO.sub.3F Rb.sub.3Ba.sub.3Li.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F and K.sub.3Sr.sub.3Li.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F.

A negative electrode active material comprising: particles of negative electrode active material, wherein the particles of negative electrode active material contain particles of silicon compound containing a silicon compound (SiO.sub.x:0.5≤x≤1.6), and wherein the particles of silicon compound have, as chemical shift values obtained from a .sup.29Si-MAS-NMR spectrum, an intensity A of a peak derived from amorphous silicon obtained in −40 to −60 ppm, an intensity B of a peak derived from silicon dioxide obtained in the vicinity of −110 ppm, and an intensity C of a peak derived from Si obtained in the vicinity of −83 ppm, which satisfy the following formula 1 and formula 2.

B≤1.5×A  (1)

B<C  (2)

A lithium metal complex oxide powder satisfies requirements (1) to (3): Requirement (1): Composition Formula (I) is satisfied, Li[Li.sub.x(Ni.sub.(1−y−z−w)Co.sub.yMn.sub.zM.sub.w).sub.1−x]O.sub.2 . . . (I) (where M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, B, Mo, Nb, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga, La, and V, and −0.1≤x≤0.2, 0≤y≤0.4, 0≤z≤0.4, and 0≤w≤0.1 are satisfied). Requirement (2): an average primary particle diameter is 1 μm or more and 7 μm or less. Requirement (3): R1/Ra, which is a ratio of the average primary particle diameter represented by R1 to an average crystallite diameter represented by Ra, is more than 5.0 and 20 or less.

The present invention pertains to a method for producing a colloidal suspension of zirconia particles, comprising the following successive steps: a) subjecting a mixture of zirconium oxychloride and an alkali metal halide in an aqueous solvent to hydrothermal treatment at a temperature above 150° C., so as to obtain a suspension in the form of a two-phase mixture comprising a slurry and a supernatant, b) without first peptizing it, desalting said suspension so as to form a colloidal suspension of zirconia.

An electrode active material comprising in major proportions a monoclinic titanium-niobium composite oxide represented by the formula TiNb.sub.xO.sub.(2+5x/2), wherein X is from 1.90 or more to less than 2.00.

A method for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide, the method including: a first step of preparing a lithium hydroxide; a second step of heating a hydroxide containing nickel and a metal M1 other than lithium and nickel to 300° C. or higher and 800° C. or lower, to obtain a composite oxide containing the nickel and the metal M; a third step of mixing the lithium hydroxide and the composite oxide, to obtain a mixture; a fourth step of compression-molding the mixture, to obtain a molded body; and a fifth step of baking the molded body at 600° C. or higher and 850° C. or lower, to obtain a baked body.

Luminescent diamond is made by subjecting a volume of diamond grains to high-pressure/high-temperature conditions with or without a catalyst to cause the grains to undergo plastic deformation to produce nitrogen vacancy defects in the diamond grains, increasing the luminescent activity/intensity of the resulting diamond material. The consolidated diamond material may be further treated to further increase luminescent activity/intensity, which treatment may comprise reducing the consolidated diamond material to diamond particles, heat treatment in vacuum, and air heat treatment, which reducing process further increases luminescent activity/intensity. The resulting luminescent diamond particles display a level of luminescence intensity greater than that of conventional luminescent nanodiamond, and may be functionalized for use in biological applications.

Provided is a new 5 V-class spinel-type lithium-manganese-containing composite oxide capable of achieving both the expansion of a high potential capacity region and the suppression of gas generation. Proposed is the spinel-type lithium-manganese-containing composite oxide comprising Li, Mn, O and two or more other elements, and having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, wherein a peak is present in a range of 14.0 to 16.5° at 2θ, in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured by a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) using CuKα1 ray.