A method is disclosed for preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene having these steps: a) providing a dispersion of fluorinated graphite; b) subjecting the dispersion of fluorinated graphite to sonication and/or mechanical treatment and/or thermal treatment; c) contacting the product from step b) with an azide reagent at a temperature within the range of 40 to 200° C.; d) separating the solid product formed in step c) from the mixture; e) dialyzing the product obtained in step d) against water. A nitrogen-doped graphene containing at least 8.9 at. % of nitrogen and up to 16.6 at. % of fluorine is yielded, wherein the at. % are relative to the total atoms present in the sample and determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using an Al-Kα source; and having a density above 1.2 g/cm3 when pressed at 80 kN for 1 min. This nitrogen-doped graphene is particularly useful as a supercapacitor material.

A material of Formula (I) is provided
M.sub.yT.sub.xQ.sub.vW.sub.1-vO.sub.z-tJ.sub.t  (I)
where:
T represents one of tin, lead, antimony and germanium, T being present in the interstitial spaces or voids of the lattice,
M represents one or more species, each selected from the group consisting of (i) metals other than T, and (ii) polyatomic ionic species, said polyatomic species having an ionic radius of no more than 2 Å, M being present in the interstitial spaces or voids of the lattice,
W is tungsten,
O is oxygen,
Q represents one or more element having an oxidation state of at least +4, Q, if present, occupying a lattice point of W,
J represents one or more non-metallic element anion of chemical valence −1, J, if present, occupying a lattice point of O,
v is from 0 to 1.0, t is from 0 to 3.0, y is non-zero and up to and including 0.32, x is non-zero and up to and including 0.32, and z is from 2.5 to 4, provided that x+y≤0.33.

Described herein are methods for recovering uranium tetrafluoride (UF.sub.4) from uranium hexafluoride (UF.sub.6) by directly dissolving UF.sub.6 in ionic liquids and recovering UF.sub.4, which can be processed to obtain UO.sub.2 (s) or uranium metal.

A production method of a titanium-niobium composite oxide uses, as a source material, niobium oxide including a mixture of a plurality of crystal forms including a first Nb2O5 structure and at least either of a second Nb2O5 structure and a third Nb2O5 structure. The first Nb2O5 structure has a first peak with 2θ from 23.6° to 23.8°, a peak with 2θ from 24.8° to 25.0°, and a peak with 2θ from 25.4° to 25.6°. The second Nb2O5 structure has a peak with 2θ from 23.7° to 23.9°, a peak with 2θ from 24.3° to 24.5°, and a peak with 2θ from 25.4° to 25.6°. The third Nb2O5 structure has a peak with 2θ from 22.5° to 22.7°, a peak with 2θ from 28.3° to 28.5°, and a peak with 2θ from 28.8° to 29.0°.

Provided is a piezoelectric thin film device containing: a first electrode layer; and a piezoelectric thin film. The first electrode layer contains a metal Me having a crystal structure. The piezoelectric thin film contains aluminum nitride having a wurtzite structure. The aluminum nitride contains a divalent metal element Md and a tetravalent metal element Mt. [Al] is an amount of Al contained in the aluminum nitride, [Md] is an amount of Md contained in the aluminum nitride, [Mt] is an amount of Mt contained in the aluminum nitride, ([Md]+[Mt])/([Al]+[Md]+[Mt]) is 36 to 70 atom %. L.sub.ALN is a lattice length of the aluminum nitride in a direction that is approximately parallel to a surface of the first electrode layer with which the piezoelectric thin film is in contact, L.sub.METAL is a lattice length of Me in a direction, and L.sub.ALN is longer than L.sub.METAL.

A catalytic composite comprises a first component selected from Group VIII noble metal components and mixtures thereof, a second component selected from one or more of alkali and alkaline earth metal components, and a third component selected from one or more of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, and thallium, all supported on an alumina support comprising delta alumina having an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three 2θ diffraction angle peaks between 32.0° and 70.0°. The at least three 2θ diffraction angle peaks comprise a first 2θ diffraction angle peak of 32.7°±0.4°, a second 2θ diffraction angle peak of 50.8°±0.4°, and a third 2θ diffraction angle peak of 66.7°±0.8°, wherein the second 2θ diffraction angle peak has an intensity of less than about 0.06 times the intensity of the third 2θ diffraction angle peak.

A method of generating hydrogen involving contacting an aqueous solution with an activated aluminum composite including aluminum, AlN, γ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and optionally a carbonaceous material. The activated aluminum composite can safely be stored and can be used for safe on demand hydrogen generation in water.

A method for manufacturing monocrystalline graphene, includes supplying an aromatic carbon gas onto a single-crystalline metal catalyst to manufacture the monocrystalline graphene.

According to the present invention, there are provided lithium titanate particles which exhibit an excellent initial discharge capacity and an enhanced high-efficiency discharge capacity retention rate as an active substance for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and a process for producing the lithium titanate particles, and Mg-containing lithium titanate particles.

This magnesium oxide powder contains secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles of magnesium oxide having a crystal phase and a grain boundary phase are at least partially fused together by the grain boundary phase, and a median diameter obtained by a laser diffraction scattering method is 300 .Math.m or less.