The present invention relates to a method for producing boron nitride nanostructures, the method comprising subjecting boron nitride precursor material to lamp ablation within an adiabatic radiative shielding environment. The nanostructures produced may include nano-onion structures. The boron nitride precursor material subjected to lamp ablation may include amorphous boron nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, wurtzite boron nitride or a combination of two or more thereof.

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ?-VOPO.sub.4, made from the solvothermally synthesized H.sub.2VOPO.sub.4, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

A polycrystalline silicon column is provided. The polycrystalline silicon column includes a plurality of silicon grains grown along a crystal-growing direction. In the crystal-growing direction, the average grain size of the silicon grains and the resistivity of the polycrystalline silicon column have opposite variation in their trends, the average grain size of the silicon grains and the oxygen content of the polycrystalline silicon column have opposite variation in their trends, and the average grain size of the silicon grains and the defect area ratio of the polycrystalline silicon column have the same variation in their trends. The overall average defect area ratio of the polycrystalline silicon column is less than or equal to 2.5%.

The present invention relates to a molecular sieve, particularly to an ultra-macroporous molecular sieve. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the molecular sieve and to its application as an adsorbent, a catalyst, or the like. The molecular sieve has a unique X-ray diffraction pattern and a unique crystal particle morphology. The molecular sieve can be produced by using a compound represented by the following formula (I),

##STR00001## wherein the definition of each group and value is the same as that provided in the specification, as an organic template. The molecular sieve is capable of adsorbing more/larger molecules, thereby exhibiting excellent adsorptive/catalytic properties.

A carbonate apatite prepared from natural bone. The carbonate apatite has a protein content of 2000-8000 parts per million and a surface area of 15 to 70 m.sup.2/g. Also provided is a method for preparing the carbonate apatite from cancellous bone particles.

The present invention provides a preparation method of Beta molecular sieve, comprising: activating a mineral having low silica-to-alumina ratio and a mineral having high silica-to-alumina ratio, respectively, wherein the mineral having low silica-to-alumina ratio is activated via a sub-molten salt medium, and the mineral having high silica-to-alumina ratio is activated via means of high-temperature calcination; mixing the activated minerals with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, water and template agent for hydrothermal crystallization, wherein the charged amounts of the raw materials satisfies a molar ratio of: 0.03-0.18 Na.sub.2O: 0.01-0.03 K.sub.2O: 0.1-0.4 (TEA).sub.2O: 1 SiO.sub.2: 0.01-0.5 Al.sub.2O.sub.3: 12-40 H.sub.2O; cooling the crystallized product and removing the mother liquor by filtration, washing the resulting filter cake with water to neutral and drying it to obtain the Beta molecular sieve.

An electrode active material for an electrochemical element of the present invention is a monoclinic niobium complex oxide, and Db/Da is 1.5 or more, where Da is a crystallite size in the a-axis direction, and Db is a crystallite size in the b-axis direction. An electrode material for an electrochemical element of the present invention contains the electrode active material for an electrochemical element of the present invention. An electrode for an electrochemical element of the present invention contains the electrode active material for an electrochemical element of the present invention or the electrode material for an electrochemical element of the present invention. In an electrochemical element of the present invention, either one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode is the electrode for an electrochemical element of the present invention. A movable body of the present invention includes the electrochemical element of the present invention.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

A composite cathode active material, a cathode and a lithium battery each including the composite cathode active material, and a method of manufacturing the composite cathode active material. The composite cathode active material includes a core including a plurality of primary particles, and a shell disposed on the core, wherein a primary particle of the plurality of primary particles includes a lithium nickel transition metal oxide, the shell includes a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first composition contains a first metal and the second composition contains a second metal, wherein the first metal includes a metal of Groups 2, 4, 5, and 7 to 15, the second metal includes a metal of Group 3, and the first composition includes a first phase and the second composition includes a second phase that is distinguishable from the first phase.