A method for producing a CNM product includes: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between an anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; introducing an iron-free, chromium-containing additive into the electrolyte media before the step of heating or introducing the iron-free additive into the molten electrolyte media, in which the iron-free, chromium-containing additive is added in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt %, relative to the amount of the electrolyte media or the molten electrolyte media; applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode.

A positive electrode active material precursor includes a first positive electrode active material precursor having a composition represented by Formula 1 described herein and including a composite transition metal in the form of a single particle, and one or more of a second positive electrode active material precursor having a composition represented by Formula 2 described herein or a third positive electrode active material precursor having a composition represented by Formula 3 described herein. The positive electrode active material precursor is capable of implementing a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle even when heat-treated at a low temperature. Also provided is, a method for preparing a positive electrode active material using the positive electrode active material precursor, and a positive electrode active material prepared by the method.

A silicon-based negative electrode active material and a method of preparing the same. The silicon-based negative electrode active material includes silicate containing alkaline earth metal elements, and the silicon-based negative electrode active material contains both K element and P element. The method includes providing raw materials containing Si element, O element, K element, P element, and alkaline earth metal element, using a vapor deposition method to heat the raw materials to form vapor and then cool the vapor to form a deposit, and pulverizing the deposit to obtain a pulverized product.

A composite material and a preparation method therefor are provided. The composite material comprises an inner core and a shell coating the outside of the inner core, wherein the thermal conductivity of the inner core material is not less than 20 W/m.Math.K, and the material of the shell comprises a first metal salt. The composite material satisfies the following conditions: D50.sub.1 of the composite material is A, the composite material with a mass of M is placed in a container with a stirring device, is stirred for 10 min under the condition of a charging coefficient being 0.4 and 500 r/min, and then passes through a (0.1-0.3)A sieve, and the amount of screen underflow is not higher than 0.05M. The composite material can make up defects of the inner core material, the aging performance is relatively good, and the heat conductivity coefficient is also relatively high.

Proposed are cerium oxide particles for chemical mechanical polishing and a slurry composition for chemical mechanical polishing comprising the same. The surfaces of the cerium oxide particles comprise Ce.sup.3+ and Ce.sup.4+. When the cerium oxide particles are used, they may exhibit a high oxide removal rate and high oxide selectivity in a low particle content range despite their fine particle size as a result of increasing the proportion of Ce.sup.3+ on the cerium oxide surface.

A method of producing hydrogen gas comprising hydrolyzing sodium borohydride (NaBH.sub.4) with water at a temperature of from about 20 C. to about 75 C. in the presence of a particulate crystalline nanocomposite catalyst, where the ratio by weight of NaBH.sub.4 to the particulate crystalline nanocomposite catalyst is from about 1:1 to about 5:1. The particulate crystalline nanocomposite catalyst comprises a calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO.sub.4) crystalline phase, a calcium silicate hydroxide [Ca.sub.6Si.sub.6O.sub.17(OH).sub.2] crystalline phase, a silicon oxide (SiO.sub.2) crystalline phase, graphitic carbon nitride (C.sub.3N.sub.4) crystalline phase, wherein at least a fraction of the graphitic-C.sub.3N.sub.4 is in the form of mesoporous nanosheets.

A La(OH).sub.3/La.sub.2O.sub.3/CaSiO.sub.3/g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 particulate crystalline nanocomposite including: a hexagonal lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH).sub.3) crystalline phase; a lanthanum oxide (La.sub.2O.sub.3) crystalline phase; a monoclinic calcium silicate (CaSiO.sub.3) crystalline phase; and, a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C.sub.3N.sub.4) crystalline phase, wherein at least a fraction of the g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 is in the form of mesoporous nanosheets.

The present invention relates to a negative electrode material of nickel-zinc battery, having core-shell structure, and comprising zinc oxide core and a carbon coating layer coated on surface of the zinc oxide core. Based on total weight of the negative electrode material, weight fraction of carbon is 2 wt. % to 8 wt. %; tap density of the negative electrode material is 0.90 g/cm.sup.3 to 1.40 g/cm.sup.3; the carbon coating layer has microporous structure with pore diameter being 1 nm to 4 nm, and a ratio of total volume of micropores with pore diameter in a range of 1 nm to 4 nm in the carbon coating layer to the sum of volume of all micropores of the negative electrode material is 0.1 to 0.5; and thickness of the carbon coating layer is 1 nm to 6 nm. The present invention also relates to a preparation method for the negative electrode material, and use of the negative electrode material in an alkaline nickel-zinc battery. The negative electrode material may significantly improve energy density, cycle life and charge/discharge coulombic efficiency of nickel-zinc battery.

A positive electrode active material comprises a secondary particle. The secondary particle includes crystallites. The crystallites extend radially from a center of the secondary particle toward outside. Each of the crystallites includes a lithium-metal composite oxide. The lithium-metal composite oxide has a lamellar-rock-salt-type structure. In a surface of the secondary particle, an open pore is formed between the crystallites that are adjacent to each other. The open pore has a pore diameter of 250 nm or more.

A positive electrode active material comprises a secondary particle. The secondary particle includes crystallites. The crystallites extend radially from a center of the secondary particle toward outside. Each of the crystallites includes a lithium-metal composite oxide. The lithium-metal composite oxide has a lamellar-rock-salt-type structure. In a surface of the secondary particle, an open pore is formed between the crystallites that are adjacent to each other. The open pore has a pore diameter of 20 nm or more.