An activated carbon fiber is obtained by activating: a polyphenylene ether fiber that contains a polyphenylene ether component having a rearrangement structure connected by a bond at an ortho-position in a repeating unit continuously bonded at a para-position; an infusibilized polyphenylene ether fiber obtained by infusibilizing the polyphenylene ether fiber; a flameproofed polyphenylene ether fiber obtained by flameproofing the polyphenylene ether fiber or the infusibilized polyphenylene ether fiber; or a carbon fiber obtained by carbonizing any of the polyphenylene ether fibers.

Compositions comprising Group 13 element-based coupling agents and/or aluminum-based substrates and methods for making such compositions are provided. Compositions herein further comprise an inorganic substrate, a functionalized polymer, or a combination thereof. Such compositions may further comprise a secondary coupling agent having two or more functional groups. Compositions comprising a particulate inorganic substrate dispersed in a polymer form composite materials having improved mechanical properties. Compositions comprising a monolithic inorganic substrate having at least one surface bonded to a polymer layer form articles having improved surface properties.

Provided is a molybdenum trioxide powder containing an aggregate of primary particles containing a crystal structure of molybdenum trioxide, the crystal structure containing crystals with an average crystallite size of 50 nm or less, a median diameter D.sub.50 of the primary particles being 2,000 nm or less determined by dynamic light scattering.

A method for producing a nickel cobalt complex hydroxide includes first crystallization of supplying a solution containing Ni, Co and Mn, a complex ion forming agent and a basic solution separately and simultaneously to one reaction vessel to obtain nickel cobalt complex hydroxide particles, and a second crystallization of, after the first crystallization, further supplying a solution containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese, a solution of a complex ion forming agent, a basic solution, and a solution containing said element M separately and simultaneously to the reaction vessel to crystallize a complex hydroxide particles containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and said element M on the nickel cobalt complex hydroxide particles crystallizing a complex hydroxide particles comprising Ni, Co, Mn and the element M on the nickel cobalt complex hydroxide particles.

The present disclosure relates to a positive active material for a lithium rechargeable battery and a lithium rechargeable battery including the same, which include a first compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a content of the first compound is 65 wt % or more based of the positive active material of 100 wt %.
Li.sub.a1Ni.sub.b1Co.sub.c1Mn.sub.d1M1.sub.e1M2.sub.f1O.sub.2-f1[Chemical Formula 1]
Li.sub.a2Ni.sub.b2CO.sub.c2Mn.sub.d2M3.sub.e2M4.sub.f2O.sub.2-f2[Chemical Formula 2] Chemical Composition 1 and 2 of each composition and molar ratio is as defined in the specification. Each composition and molar ratio of Chemical Formula 1 and 2 is as defined in the specification.

A metal-doped molybdenum sulfide powder according to the present invention contains a doping metal in Groups 3 to 13 and molybdenum disulfide having a 3R crystal structure. A first aspect of a method for producing a metal-doped molybdenum sulfide powder includes dry-mixing a powder containing a molybdenum trioxide powder made of an aggregate of primary particles containing molybdenum trioxide, a sulfur source, and a salt of a metal in Groups 3 to 13, and heating the powder at a temperature of 200? C. to 1,000? C. A second aspect includes removing, from a mixture obtained by blending a molybdenum trioxide powder made of an aggregate of primary particles containing molybdenum trioxide, a salt of a metal in Groups 3 to 13, and a dispersion medium, the dispersion medium to obtain a solid, and heating the solid at a temperature of 200? C. to 1,000? C. in the presence of a sulfur source.

The application relates to a positive active material precursor including a transition metal composite oxide precursor. The transition metal composite oxide precursor exhibits a peak full width at half maximum of a (200) plane (2?=about 42? to about 44?) in X-ray diffraction analysis in a range of about 0.3? to about 0.5?. The application also relates to a positive active material using the precursor, a method of preparing the same, and a positive electrode and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

The present disclosure relates to an anode active material for a sodium ion secondary battery, a method for preparing the same, and a sodium ion secondary battery including the same. More particularly, the anode active material for a sodium ion secondary battery includes a cobalt tin spinel oxide obtained by a simple precipitation process, and can be applied to a sodium ion secondary battery having high capacity characteristics.

A general methodology for the development of sensitive and selective sensors that can achieve a low cost detection of glucose without using enzymes is disclosed. The method uses carbon nanofiber (CNF) array electrodes for the electrochemical detection of glucose. CNFs grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with diameters ranging from 13-160 nm and a height of approximately one micrometer are preferred. The CNFs have a sensitivity of 2.7 A/mM cm.sup.2 and detection limit of 2 mM. Also provided are methods of preparing the CNF sensors and kit components. Methods of using such CNF sensors for detecting target agents, particularly glucose, are also provided.

A method for producing a nickel cobalt complex hydroxide includes first crystallization of supplying a solution containing Ni, Co and Mn, a complex ion forming agent and a basic solution separately and simultaneously to one reaction vessel to obtain nickel cobalt complex hydroxide particles, and a second crystallization of, after the first crystallization, further supplying a solution containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese, a solution of a complex ion forming agent, a basic solution, and a solution containing said element M separately and simultaneously to the reaction vessel to crystallize a complex hydroxide particles containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and said element M on the nickel cobalt complex hydroxide particles crystallizing a complex hydroxide particles comprising Ni, Co, Mn and the element M on the nickel cobalt complex hydroxide particles.