A nano-composite structure. A synthetic nano-composite is described having a first component including a fibrous structured amorphous silica structure, and a second component including a precipitated calcium carbonate structure developed by pressure carbonation. The nano-composite may be useful for fillers in paints and coatings. Also, the nano-composite may be useful in coatings used in the manufacture of paper products.

Microstructured composite particles obtainable by a process in which large particles are bonded to small particles. The composite particles are preferably used as an additive, especially as a polymer additive, as an additive or starting material for the production of components, for applications in medical technology and/or in microtechnology and/or for the production of foamed articles.

Paper, paperboard, or label stock coated with a synthetic nano-composite coating. A synthetic nano-composite coating includes a first component including a fibrous structured amorphous silica structure, and a second component including a precipitated calcium carbonate structure developed by pressure carbonation.

A positive electrode active material includes: a composite particle that includes a particle containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide of Li and Co and a layer that is provided on a surface of the particle and includes an oxide of Li, Ni and Mn. Ni and Mn have a concentration distribution centered on the center from a surface of the composite particle, in a depth range in which a ratio d (%) satisfies 0.04%d0.20%, a mole fraction r.sub.n of Ni and a mole fraction r.sub.m of Mn are within ranges of 0.05r.sub.n and 0.05r.sub.m, respectively, and a ratio r.sub.n2/r.sub.n1 and a ratio r.sub.m2/r.sub.m1 are within ranges of 0.85r.sub.n2/r.sub.n11.0 and 0.85r.sub.m2/r.sub.m11.0, respectively.

A production method for producing an oxygen sensor, includes spinning a precursor consisting of a salt of at least one metal chosen from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Mg, and Ga, a solvent, and a macromolecular polymer to produce nanofibers of the precursor containing the salt of the metal. The method further includes calcining the nanofibers of the precursor at a temperature ranging from 550 C. to 650 C. for 2 to 4 hours, and making a solid electrolyte material composed of the nanofibers obtained from the calcining. The resulting solid electrolyte material constitutes a part of the oxygen sensor.

The disclosure herein sets forth processes and compositions for producing carbonated materials comprising calcium carbonates through a mechanochemical process. The present disclosure concerns the production of calcium carbonate by sequestrating CO.sub.2. Certain processes herein include providing alkaline-rich mineral materials that include carbonatable solid wastes such as lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, and coal combustion residues, and simultaneously fractioning the alkaline-rich mineral materials, while contacting the alkaline-rich mineral materials with a CO.sub.2-containing gas in carbonation reactor at low temperature and ambient pressure. In some embodiments, the alkaline-rich mineral materials are partially carbonated before being used in the processes disclosed herein. After contacting the alkaline-rich mineral materials with a CO.sub.2-containing gas in carbonation reactor at low temperature and ambient pressure, solid calcium carbonate is produced. In aqueous reactors, the solid calcium carbonate is filtered from a solution in which it precipitated, and the remaining solution includes hydroxide as well as alkaline metal ions. The solution filtered from the solid calcium carbonate can be sequentially contacted with a CO.sub.2-containing gas stream to precipitate additional calcium carbonate. The carbonated materials formed from these processes can be used in the form of a slurry, as a moist powder, as a dried powder, as a reactive filler or as a supplementary cementitious material in a mixture that is used to make concrete.

A positive electrode active material precursor includes Ni and Mn and secondary particles formed by the aggregation of a plurality of primary particles. The secondary particles have a ratio of a core area to a total area of the particles ranging from 28.7% to 34.1%, and a porosity ranging from 11.3% to 11.7%. Also provided is a method for preparing the positive electrode active material precursor. Additionally, a positive electrode active material including a reaction product of the positive electrode active material precursor and a lithium raw material is provided. Also provided is a method for preparing a positive electrode active material using the positive electrode active material precursor.

A method for producing an activated nesquehonite includes activating one or more nesquehonites by heating. The one or more nesquehonites may be formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with aqueous magnesium ions at elevated pH, and may include barringtonite, nesquehonite, dypingite, hydromagnesite, and/or artinite and/or lansfordite. The activated nesquehonite may be useful in a building material, and have advantageous cementitious properties.

A nano-composite structure. A synthetic nano-composite is described having a first component including a fibrous structured amorphous silica structure, and a second component including a precipitated calcium carbonate structure developed by pressure carbonation. The nano-composite may be useful for fillers in paints and coatings. Also, the nano-composite may be useful in coatings used in the manufacture of paper products.

A method for producing water dispersible CuO nanostructures includes mixing copper nitrate with an ammonia solution. The copper nitrate and ammonia solution can be treated with ultrasound at room temperature. The water dispersible CuO nanostructures can be produced without any surfactant.