An electron transport includes a metal co-doped zinc oxide compound having a formula Mn.sub.xCo.sub.0.015Zn.sub.1−xO, wherein x has a value in a range of 0.001 to 0.014. The electron transport material of the present disclosure may be used in a perovskite solar cell.

The invention relates to two dimensional (2D) heterostructures and methods of fabricating the same. The 2D hetero structures are integration of borophene with graphene and 2D lateral and vertical hetero structures with sharp and rotationally commensurate interfaces. The rich bonding configurations of boron indicate that borophene can be integrated into a diverse range of 2D heterostructures.

A method of controlling the electrical properties of a quantity of magnetite particles comprises the step of oxidising at least some of the quantity of magnetite particles by heating the said quantity of magnetite particles in an oxygen rich environment for a period of time.

Provided are a nickel-based active material, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including the nickel-based active material. The nickel-based active material includes at least one secondary particle including an aggregate of two or more primary particles, wherein at least a portion of the secondary particle has a radial array structure, and a hetero-element compound is positioned between the primary particles.

Plate-like alumina particles have an aspect ratio of 5 to 500, in which in solid-state .sup.27Al NMR analysis, the longitudinal relaxation time T.sub.1 for a peak of six-coordinated aluminum at 10 to 30 ppm is 5 seconds or more at a static magnetic field strength of 14.1 T.

Provided are a nickel-based active material, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including the nickel-based active material. The nickel-based active material includes at least one secondary particle including an aggregate of two or more primary particles, wherein at least a portion of the secondary particle has a radial array structure, and a hetero-element compound is positioned between the primary particles.

The invention has for its object to use an evaporation-spray drying process thereby providing layered silicate powder granules, each one containing a flat particle having an opening or recess in its surface center. Each of the layered silicate powder granule contains a flat particle including a layered silicate formed by evaporation-spray drying and a rheology modifier for modifying the crystal edge face of the layered silicate and having an opening or recess in its surface center.

Disclosed are a pharmaceutical use of a gold cluster and a substance containing the gold cluster and the preparation method and use thereof. The gold cluster and substance containing the gold cluster can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ and α-syn, has excellent effects on the levels of cell models and animal models, and can be used to prepare drugs for preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease and/or Parkinson's disease.

Disclosed are a pharmaceutical use of a gold cluster and a substance containing the gold cluster and the preparation method and use thereof. The gold cluster and substance containing the gold cluster can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ and α-syn, has excellent effects on the levels of cell models and animal models, and can be used to prepare drugs for preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease and/or Parkinson's disease.

In the present invention, a bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide metal salt is an alkali metal salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide or an alkaline earth metal salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide. The bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide metal salt has an average particle diameter of not less than 0.1 mm, or has an average moisture absorption rate of not more than 2.5 mass ppm/cm.sup.2.Math.min when sealed in a PE bag having a thickness of 80 μm and left for 30 minutes at 23° C. and 65% humidity.