A method for recycling a positive electrode material. the method includes obtaining positive electrode material particles from a positive electrode. The method further includes mixing the positive electrode material particles with a solution or powder containing sodium ions and heat-treating the mixture including the positive electrode material particles and the solution or power containing sodium ions. The method further includes rinsing the heat-treated positive electrode material particles with water.

Provided is a method for highly efficiently producing highly pure single-walled carbon nanotubes. This method for producing carbon nanotubes by fluidized CVD includes: a step for heating a material (A) to 1200° C. or higher, in which the total mass of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 constitutes at least 90% of the total mass of the material (A) and the mass ratio of Al.sub.2O.sub.3/SiO.sub.2 is in the range of 1.0-2.3; and a step for bringing a gas, which is present in the environment in which the material (A) is being heated to 1200° C. or higher, into contact with a feed gas to generate carbon nanotubes.

Compounds that can be used as cathode active materials for lithium ion batteries are described. In some embodiments, the cathode active material includes the compound Li.sub.xNi.sub.aM.sub.bN.sub.cO.sub.2 where M is selected from Mn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Sn, Te and a combination thereof; N is selected from Mg, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and a combination thereof; 0.9<x<1.1; 0.7<a<1; 0<b<0.3; 0<c<0.3; and a+b+c=1. Other cathode active materials, precursors, and methods of manufacture are presented.

Particles with suitable properties may be generated using systems and methods provided herein. The particles may include carbon particles.

The present invention is directed to production of granular carbon, prepared from lignin. The process comprises the steps of providing agglomerated lignin, heating the agglomerated lignin to obtain thermally stabilized lignin and subjecting the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin to heat treatment to obtain granular carbon.

Spherical silica and/or silicate particles having a d50 median particle size from 1 to 5 μm, a d95 particle size less than 8 μm, an oil absorption from 40 to 100 cc/100 g, a pack density from 20 to 60 lb/ft.sup.3, and a sphericity factor (S.sub.80) of at least 0.9, are disclosed, as well as methods for making these spherical particles, and dentifrice compositions containing the spherical particles.

A coating material containing an oxyfluoride of yttrium and having a Fisher diameter of 1.0 to 10 μm and a tap density TD to apparent density AD ratio, TD/AD, of 1.6 to 3.5. The coating material preferably has a pore volume of pores with a diameter of 100 μm or smaller of 1.0 cm.sup.3/g or less as measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. A coating containing an oxyfluoride of yttrium and having a Vickers hardness of 200 HV0.01 or higher. The coating preferably has a fracture toughness of 1.0×10.sup.2 Pa.Math.m.sup.1/2 or higher.

The present invention relates to an alumina with a particular pore profile and good thermal stability. This alumina is also characterized in that it has a high bulk density. The alumina has, after calcining in air at 1100° C. for 5 hours: a pore volume in the range of pores with a size of between 5 nm and 100 nm which is between 0.50 and 0.75 mL/g, more particularly between 0.50 and 0.70 mL/g; and a pore volume in the range of pores with a size of between 100 nm and 1000 nm which is less than or equal to 0.20 mL/g, more particularly less than or equal to 0.15 mL/g, or even less than or equal to 0.10 mL/g.

This application discloses a negative-electrode active material and a preparation method thereof, a secondary battery, and a battery module, a battery pack, and an apparatus that include such secondary battery. The negative-electrode active material includes a core and a coating layer covering at least part of a surface of the core, where the core includes artificial graphite, the coating layer includes amorphous carbon, a volume-based particle size distribution of the negative-electrode active material satisfies D.sub.v99≤24 μm, a volume-based median particle size D.sub.v50 of the negative-electrode active material satisfies 8 μm≤D.sub.v≤15 μm, D.sub.v99 is a particle size corresponding to a cumulative volume distribution percentage of the negative-electrode active material reaching 99%, and WO is a particle size corresponding to a cumulative volume distribution percentage of the negative-electrode active material reaching 50%.

Disclosed herein is a turf filler comprising a plurality of inorganic particles having a size of less than or equal to about 10 mesh at least partially encapsulated within a coating composition comprising a copolymer comprising one or more C.sub.2-C.sub.20 olefinic monomers and monomers of an ethylenically unsaturated ester of a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 carboxylic acid, wherein at least a first portion of the plurality of the particles further comprises a colorant, and a second portion of the plurality of particles is essentially free of a colorant. A method of producing the turf filler is also disclosed.