A porous silica particle optimized as the scrubbing agent is used for a cleansing cosmetic. The porous silica particle has an average circularity of 0.1 to 0.5, a pore volume of 1.0 to 2.0 ml/g, a mode diameter of 50 to 600 μm, and a ratio of the maximum particle diameter to the mode diameter of 3.0 or less. The porous silica particle moreover has a median size of 0.5 to 25 μm and the maximum particle diameter of 1 to 100 μm, after rubbing with a load of 1.0 to 1.4 KPa for 30 seconds. With the cleansing cosmetic containing this particle, the skin is rubbed by the frictional force generated by the friction with the skin at the rubbing. Therefore, the mild peeling effect for the stratum corneum is obtained and the damage of the skin and the micro damage on the stratum corneum can be prevented.

The present disclosure provides a novel composite transition metal oxide-based precursor, a preparing method thereof, and a cathode active material for a secondary battery prepared from the precursor. In the present disclosure, it is possible to enhance productivity and economic efficiency due to a high reaction yield during the synthesis of a cathode active material and to enhance the initial discharge capacity and lifespan characteristics of a secondary battery including a cathode active material by using an oxide-based precursor having a high oxygen fraction instead of a hydroxide-based precursor used as a precursor of a cathode active material in the related art.

Particles are disclosed. Methods of making and using the particles are also disclosed.

Provided is a granular activated carbon that can be used for applications similar to wood-based steam-activated carbons; and also provided is a method for manufacturing the same. The granular activated carbon is obtained in the following manner. An activated carbon raw material is carbonized, and then pulverized. The pulverized product is then mixed with a calcium component, and the mixture is molded. Subsequently, the molded product is carbonized and activated, followed by washing.

A Raman scattering enhancing-substrate is provided by arraying a plurality of porous carbon elements in a columnar form or in a massive form made of a porous carbon material with holes of 10 to 50 nm in diameter, on a support base. This substrate is manufactured by, for example, filling a template that is made of anodic aluminum oxide to have an array of a plurality of holes in a columnar form or in a cube form, with pyrrole as a monomer and polymerizing the pyrrole-filling template to form a polypyrrole nanoarray; making the entire polypyrrole nanoarray porous to provide a porous polypyrrole nanoarray that is a porous body with pores of 10 to 50 nm in diameter; and carbonizing the porous polypyrrole nanoarray.

A pseudo-boehmite has a dry basis content of 55-85 wt % and contains a phosphoric acid ester group. The sodium oxide content is not greater than 0.5 wt %, and the phosphorus content (in terms of phosphorus pentoxide) is 1.2-5.7 wt %, relative to 100 wt % of the total weight of the pseudo-boehmite. The pseudo-boehmite has a low sodium content.

A porous silica particle with the small specific surface area and large pore volume, which is contained as the scrubbing agent in the cleansing cosmetics is provided. The porous silica particle has high collapsibility, and therefore the damage of the skin can be prevented. A porous silica particle according to the present invention has: an average circularity of 0.1 to 0.5; a pore volume of 0.1≦Pv<1.0 ml/g; a specific surface area of 5 to 60 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3; a median size of 100 to 1000 μm; a ratio of a maximum particle diameter to the median size, of 3.0 or less; and a median size of 5 to 40 μm and a maximum particle diameter of 15 to 200 μm, after rubbing for 30 seconds with a load of 1.0 to 1.4 KPa.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a mesoporous inorganic oxide, which includes preparing a mixture of a metal salt selected from the group consisting of at least one kind of alkali metal-containing compound, at least one kind of alkaline earth metal-containing compound, and any combination thereof and an amorphous inorganic oxide; sintering the mixture of a metal salt and an amorphous inorganic oxide; and removing the metal salt contained in the sintered mixture, and a mesoporous inorganic oxide that is manufactured by the above method and is composed of an aggregate of inorganic oxide particles having a size of from 2 nm to 5 nm.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a mesoporous inorganic oxide which has a simplified manufacturing process, has a short period of manufacturing time of about 1 day, does not generate secondary environmental contaminants to be environmentally friendly, and enables mass production, and a mesoporous inorganic oxide which has a dramatically decreased particle size and thus has an increased specific surface area and increased active sites.

Silicon-carbon composite materials and related processes are disclosed that overcome the challenges for providing amorphous nano-sized silicon entrained within porous carbon. Compared to other, inferior materials and processes described in the prior art, the materials and processes disclosed herein find superior utility in various applications, including energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries.

This disclosure relates to porous boron nitride and a method for preparing the same. The porous boron nitride of the present invention may be obtained by mixing a boron source with a nitrogen source, heating the mixture to form a compound, and then, extracting elements other than boron and nitrogen. The porous boron nitride of the present invention comprises both micropores and mesopoers, and it has a large specific surface area, and thus, may be usefully used in various fields.