Provided axe porous titanate compound particles capable of giving excellent fade resistance when used in a friction material, a resin compound and a friction material each containing the porous titanate compound particles, and a method for producing the porous titanate compound particles. Porous titanate compound particles are each formed of titanate compound crystal grains bonded together and have a cumulative pore volume of 5% or more within a pore diameter range of 0.01 to 1.0 μm.

Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

The aluminum silicate of the invention has: an element ratio of Si and Al, represented by Si/Al, of from 0.3 to 1.0 by molar ratio; a peak at approximately 3 ppm in a .sup.27Al-NMR spectrum; peak A at approximately −78 ppm and peak B at approximately −85 ppm in a .sup.29Si-NMR spectrum; and a peak at approximately 2θ=26.9° and a peak at approximately 2θ=40.3° in a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum. The aluminum silicate has an area ratio of peak B with respect to peak A of from 2.0 to 9.0, or does not include a tubular substance having a length of 50 nm or more as observed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of the aluminum silicate taken at a magnification of 100,000. The aluminum silicate is produced by a method comprising: subjecting a reaction product of a silicate ion solution and an aluminum ion solution to desalting and solid separation; subjecting a resultant to a thermal treatment in an aqueous medium in the presence of an acid under concentration conditions in an aqueous medium such that a silicon atom concentration is 100 mmol/L or more and an aluminum atom concentration is 100 mmol/L or more; and subjecting a resultant to further desalting and solid separation.

A method for preparation of a dual phase filler for elastomers for manufacturing technical rubber items, including such for microwave protection. The method involves the following stages: first stage—1/10 of the silicasol impregnating solution obtained by its dilution in distilled water at a 1:10 ratio is pulverized over the carbon black at constant stirring; second stage—the carbon black pulverized with the silicasol impregnating solution is let stay in air at room temperature for 24 hours; third stage: a two-step thermal activation in a drying cabinet is carried out—at first at 80° C. for 2 hours, and then at 250° C. for 2 hours; fourth stage—9/10 of the impregnating solution that remained from the first stage is pulverized successively over the already impregnated carbon black at constant stirring. It again is let stay for 24 in air at room temperature; fifth stage: a three-step thermal activation in a drying cabinet is carried out—at first at 80° C. for 2 hours, then at 150° C. for 4 hours and finally at 250° C. for 4 hours. The dual phase filler includes SiO.sub.2 in amounts 1 to 10% and carbon black 90 to 99%. It has the following parameters: specific surface area /BET/−20-50 m.sup.2/g, Iodine adsorption number—15-30 mg/g, Oil absorption number—50-90 ml/100 g, mesopore volume—0.05-0.20 cm.sup.3(STP)/g, mesopore diameter—10-20 nm. According to the invention the advantages ensured by the method are in the implementation of a multistage thermal activation at not very high temperature; in yielding improved texture of the dual phase filler obtained and in better insulation of the carbon black aggregates by the silica phase.

The present invention relates to heterogeneous acid catalysts comprising or consisting of mixed metal salts, of lithium and aluminum phosphates and sulfates, and combinations with metallic cations, such as magnesium, titanium, zinc, zirconium and gallium, to provide adequate Lewis acidity; organic or inorganic porosity promoters, such as polysaccharides; and agglomerates, such as clays, kaolin and metal oxides of the type M.sub.xO.sub.y, where; M=Al, Mg, Sr, Zr or Ti, and other metals of groups IA, IIA and IVB, x=1 or 2 and y=2 or 3, for the formation of particles. A process is disclosed for obtaining from the catalyst by the hydrolysis of aluminum lithium hydride with water and oxygenated solvent, such as an ether. The catalysts are used in batch reactor and continuous flow systems in reactions that require moderate Lewis acidity, such as refining, petrochemical and general chemistry, including the transesterification of glycerides to produce alkyl esters.

This disclosure generally relates to an oxide composition basically composed of cerium and zirconium that has exceptional and stable porosity, surface area and lattice oxygen mobility. The oxide composition can contain one or more other rare earth oxides other than cerium oxide. For example, some compositions can contain one or more of lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide and neodymium oxide. The oxide composition can be useful as a catalyst, catalyst support, sensor applications and combinations thereof.

The present disclosure provides a method for synthesizing fibrous silica nanospheres, the method can include, in sequence, the steps of: a) providing a reaction mixture comprising a silica precursor, a hydrolyzing agent, a template molecule, a cosurfactant and one or more solvents; b) maintaining the reaction mixture under stirring for a length of time; c) heating the reaction mixture to a temperature for a length of time; d) cooling the reaction mixture to obtain a solid, and (e) calcinating the solid to pro duce fibrous silica nanospheres, wherein desirable product characteristics such as particle size, fiber density, surface area, pore volume and pore size can be obtained by controlling one or more parameters of the method. The present disclosure further provides a method for synthesizing fibrous silica nanospheres using conventional heating such as refluxing the reactants in an open reactor, thereby eliminating the need for microwave heating in a closed reactor or the need for any pressure reactors.

Surface-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are disclosed, as well as processes by which they are made, and uses of the LDHs in composite materials. The surface-modified LDHs of the invention are more organophilic than their unmodified analogues, which allows the LDHs to be incorporated in a wide variety of materials, wherein the interesting functionality of LDHs may be exploited.

The present invention relates to catalysts of iron and chromium with a platinum promoter for use in water-gas shift reactions, both at low temperatures (LTS) and at high temperatures (HTS). Their characteristics of higher activity due to the addition of Pt compared to the conventional catalysts make them superior to the commercial catalysts in the same operating conditions. Because precursors of the active phase (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4) are obtained in greater quantity per unit area, it was possible to prepare catalysts that are more promising with a smaller surface area.

Provided is an alumina-based composite oxide having a large initial specific surface area and a small initial mean pore size, with excellent heat resistance of the specific surface area and pore volume; and a production method therefor. Specifically, provided is an alumina-based composite oxide wherein the initial crystallite diameter is 10 nm or less and the initial specific surface area is 80 m.sup.2/ml or more; after calcination at 1200° C. for 3 hours in air, the specific surface area is 10 m.sup.2/ml or more; the initial mean pore size is 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less; and after calcination at 1200° C. for 3 hours in air, the pore volume retention rate is 10% or more, which is determined by (P.sub.1/P.sub.0)×100 wherein P.sub.0 represents an initial pore volume (ml/g), and P.sub.1 represents a pore volume (ml/g) after calcination at 1200° C. for 3 hours in air.