Porous carbon particles, and a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same. This may improve the energy density of the lithium secondary battery by applying a porous electrode containing micropores and mesopores and having a uniform size distribution and shape as a positive electrode material.

A ceramic powder material containing a garnet-type compound containing Li, wherein the ceramic powder material has a pore volume of 0.4 mL/g or more and 1.0 mL/g or less.

A lithium ion conductor includes a compound of Formula 1:
Li.sub.7-a*α-(b-4)*β-xM.sup.a.sub.αLa.sub.3Zr.sub.2-βM.sup.b.sub.βO.sub.12-x-δX.sub.xN.sub.δ  Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, M.sup.a is a cationic element having a valence of a, M.sup.b is a cationic element having a valence of b, and X is an anion having a valence of −1, wherein, when M.sup.a comprises H, 0≤α≤5, otherwise 0≤α≤0.75, and wherein 0≤β≤1.5, 0≤x≤1.5, (a*α+(b−4)β+x)>0, and 0<δ≤6.

A process for preparing a porous carbon material. The process comprises the process steps: providing a carbon source; providing an amphiphilic species; contacting the carbon source and the amphiphilic species to obtain a precursor; and heating the precursor to obtain the porous carbon material; wherein the carbon source comprises a carbon source compound, wherein the carbon source compound comprises an aromatic ring having one or more attached OH groups and an ester link.

Disclosed herein are carbon molecular sieves and methods of making the same through the pyrolysis of a polymer precursor in the presence of a reactive gas stream including a hydrogen source.

Provided is a method for producing a porous metal oxide. The method includes: preparing a slurry by mixing a metal source, a pore forming agent and an aqueous solvent; drying the slurry to obtain a metal oxide precursor; and sintering the metal oxide precursor to generate a porous metal oxide. The metal source is an organometallic compound or hydrolyzate thereof containing a metal that makes up the porous metal oxide; the pore forming agent is an inorganic compound that generates a gas by decomposing at a temperature equal to or lower than a temperature at which the metal oxide precursor is sintered; and the slurry is prepared using 50 parts by weight or more of the pore forming agent with respect to 100 parts by weight of the metal source.

A nickel-based active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of preparing the nickel-based active material, and a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including the nickel-based active material, the nickel-based active material comprising a secondary particle having an outer portion with a radially arranged structure and an inner portion with an irregular porous structure, wherein the inner portion of the secondary particle has a larger pore size than the outer portion of the secondary particle.

A catalyst includes at least one element X selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 6 of the Periodic Table, and at least one element Z selected from the group consisting of Group 14 elements. The catalyst is flaky and has pores in a thickness direction. A catalyst that is capable of suppressing an overreaction to a polymer and producing a diene compound, particularly butadiene, at a high yield can be provided.

A faujasite-type zeolite has an IR spectrum in which the IR spectrum has an absorption band 1 including surface silanol groups and having a local maximum in a range from 3730 cm.sup.−1 to 3760 cm.sup.−1, and an absorption band 2 including acidic hydroxyl groups and having a local maximum in a range from 3550 cm.sup.−1 to 3700 cm.sup.−1, a ratio (h1/h2) of a peak height (h1) of the absorption band 1 to a peak height (h2) of the absorption band 2 being less than 1.2.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a titanium atom. The titanium atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the titanium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.