The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

The invention relates to a method for the production of activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon, having an increased mesopore and/or macropore volume fraction, preferably having an increased mesopore volume fraction.

A nitrogen-doped porous carbon material and a preparation method and an application thereof; wherein the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material has a specific surface area of 1600-3500 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.−1, mesopores with a pore size of 2-50 nm account for 20-40% of all pores, an average pore size is 2-20 nm, and a mass fraction of nitrogen atoms in the porous carbon material is 13.6-19.3 wt %. When being used as a supercapacitor material, the porous carbon material has a larger specific capacitance and a better capacitance retention rate. At a current density of 0.1 A.Math.g.sup.−1, the porous carbon material has a specific capacitance of about 847 F.Math.g.sup.−1. After 5000 cycles of charging and discharging, the capacitance retention rate is about 99.7%. Moreover, the porous carbon material features an excellent pore structure distribution, thus providing good CO.sub.2 adsorption performance.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating and quantum printing materials, such as elemental metals, in a nanoporous carbon powder.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide positive electrode active substance particles for a lithium ion secondary battery, such particles being capable of producing a lithium ion secondary battery having excellent high-speed discharge properties. The present invention is a granulated body of a positive electrode active substance for a lithium ion secondary battery, wherein the primary particle average diameter is 10 to 80 nm and the number of primary particles having a diameter of 100 nm or greater is no more than 5.0%.

Disclosed are a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) carbon material and a preparation method thereof. The CNT-based 3DOM carbon material comprises a honeycomb network structure having a 3DOM structure formed by overlapping CNTs, wherein ordered macropores each have a diameter of 270 nm to 360 nm, and the CNTs each have an outer diameter of 8 nm to 20 nm

The disclosure relates to porous Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles which include flocculated amorphous primary nanoparticles, with air pores formed between the amorphous primary nanoparticles. The porous Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, may be in the form of flocculated amorphous primary nanoparticles of 1 nm or less, have a 400 times larger specific surface area than the conventional Co.sub.3O.sub.4 particles, and address the issue with the expansion of Co.sub.3O.sub.4 lattices which may arise when the battery is charged or discharged, thereby providing more reliability when applied to batteries.

The disclosure relates to porous manganese oxide nanoparticles which include flocculated primary nanoparticles, with air pores formed between the primary nanoparticles. Unlike in the prior art, the porous manganese oxide nanoparticles of the disclosure have 6 nm or less MnO.sub.2 primary nanoparticles and Mn.sub.3O.sub.4 primary nanoparticles uniformly mixed and flocculated, exhibiting a 16 times higher specific surface area as compared with the conventional manganese oxide particles and superior storage characteristics and stability.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating rare earth metals in a nanoporous carbon powder.

Resin-adhered graphite particles are obtained by causing a modified novolac-type phenolic resin to adhere to graphite particles. At least part of surfaces of the graphite particles is coated with a carbonaceous coating by heating the resin-adhered graphite particles in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 900 to 1,500° C. to carbonize the modified novolac-type phenolic resin. Arylene groups having hydroxy groups account for 5 to 95 mol % of arylene groups constituting the modified novolac-type phenolic resin. The obtained carbonaceous substance-coated graphite particles exhibit excellent battery properties when used as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery.