Process for making a manganese composite (oxy)hydroxide with a mean particle diameter D50 in the range from 2 to 16 μm comprising the step(s) of combining (a) an aqueous solution containing salts of nickel and of manganese, and, optionally, at least one of Al, Mg, or transition metals other than nickel and manganese wherein at least 50 mole-% of the metal is manganese, (b) with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and (c) an organic acid or its alkali or ammonium salt wherein said organic acid bears at least two functional groups per molecule and at least one of the functional groups is a carboxylate group.

A positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary battery, wherein an average pore size of the positive-electrode active material is 0.2 μm to 1.0 μm when a pore size is measured in a range of 0.0036 μm to 400 μm.

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material suitable as an electrode material of an electrochemical device which is increased in capacity with not only suppression of an increase in irreversible capacity, but also securement of a high electrode density, as well as a method for producing the carbonaceous material The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material for an electrochemical device, having a specific surface area of 23 m.sup.2/g or less as measured according to a BET method and an aerated energy (AE) of 40 mJ or more and 210 mJ or less as measured with a powder rheometer.

The disclosure relates to a method for purifying yellow phosphorus including bringing yellow phosphorus and wood-based activated carbon into contact with each other. The disclosure also relates to a method for producing high-purity phosphoric acid including generating a gas of phosphorus pentoxide by burning yellow phosphorus obtained by the purifying method and then hydrating the gas.

Disclosed is a method of decontamination by exposing a zirconium oxy(hydroxide) aerogel to a liquid, vapor, or gaseous sample suspected of containing a phosphonate compound. The aerogel may be doped with Fe.sup.3+ ions, Ce.sup.3+ ions, or SO.sub.4.sup.2− ions. The aerogel may be made by: providing a solution of ZrCl.sub.4; FeCl.sub.3, CeCl.sub.3, or Zr(SO.sub.4).sub.2; and a solvent; adding a cyclic ether to the solution to form a gel; infiltrating the gel with liquid carbon dioxide; applying a temperature and pressure to form supercritical fluid carbon dioxide; and removing the carbon dioxide for form an aerogel.

This present invention provides a microporous carbon nanospheres, method for synthesizing and activating thereof, the method comprising: adding and mixing well deionized water, absolute ethanol, triblock copolymer, ammonia solution, resorcinol and formaldehyde solution; separating solid and liquid of the mixture solution, then drying the separated solid substrate to have a dried solid substrate; sintering the dried solid substrate surrounding by nitrogen twice and collecting microporous carbon nanospheres after cooling down. Further sintering to activate these microporous carbon nanospheres surrounding by carbon dioxide, and collecting activated microporous carbon nanospheres after cooling down. Microporous carbon nanospheres and activated microporous carbon nanospheres synthesized by this present invention have spherical structure, small size and high the specific surface area, and the process is simplified, cost-effective and environment-friendly.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a titanium atom. The titanium atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the titanium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Porous compositions and methods of making and using same. The compositions may be one or more layer(s) of mesoporous inorganic materials. The mesoporous inorganic material(s) may be a plurality of inorganic nanocages, which may be microporous. A composition may include homostacks of layers of the same inorganic mesoporous materials. A composition may include heterostacks of layers of inorganic mesoporous materials, where at least two of the layers are different. The compositions may be surface functionalized. The compositions may be formed in a reaction mixture including one or more precursor(s), one or more surfactant(s), water, and one or more organic solvent(s). The compositions may be formed at the liquid-liquid interface between the water and the one or more organic solvent(s). A composition may be used as a catalyst, in a catalytic method, as a separation medium, in a separation method, in nanomedicine applications, or the like.

Provided herein is a method of producing a polyurethane foam. The method includes dispersing turbostratic graphene in a polymerization solution. The polymerization solution includes a first component for polymerization into a polymer. The method includes adding a second component for polymerizing with the first component to chemically convert the polymerization solution into a polyurethane foam. Provided herein is also a polyurethane foam which includes a turbostratic graphene and a polymer formed from the polymerization of a polyol with an isocyanate. Provided herein is also a turbostratic graphene dispersion which includes a turbostratic graphene and a solvent for dispersing the turbostratic graphene.

The present invention relates to a method of producing a porous composite comprising single-atom metal catalysts and nitrogen atoms by using a hierarchical carbon material from a carbon dioxide-containing gas. According to the present invention, a composite material is produced by producing a porous carbon material using nanosized templates and carbon dioxide, producing carbon nanotubes from the composite material through a self-templating process, and adding single-atom catalysts to the carbon nanofibers. In addition, it is possible to produce a composite having significantly improved porous characteristics and electrochemical properties by nitrogen atom doping using a nitrogen precursor. The produced composite may be easily applied to a high-energy storage device such as a lithium-sulfur battery.