The present invention relates to particles comprising a core, in particular a magnetic core, and a first coating of a first shell material, wherein a second coating of a second shell material is applied to the surface of the first coating facing away from the core, the second shell material is different from the first shell material and has a higher refractive index than the first shell material.

An electrochromic device comprising a substrate, a set of electrodes disposed on or within the substrate, and a layer comprising ε-WO3 disposed in electrical communication with the set of electrodes, wherein the layer of ε-WO3 exhibits polarization switching are described. Methods of making and using the electrochromic devices are also described. The electrochromic devices are used for detecting acetone in a fluid. The observed change in color of the ε-WO3 layer can be correlated with a subject's medical condition, such as diabetes.

According to one embodiment, a tungsten oxide material containing potassium is provided. The tungsten oxide material has a shape of particles including a central section and a peripheral section adjacent to the central section, and having an average particle size of 100 nm or less. A periodicity of a crystal varies between the central section and the peripheral section. In addition, a tungsten oxide powder mass for an electrochromic device including 80% by mass to 100% by mass of the tungsten oxide material is provided. Moreover, a slurry for producing an electrochromic device containing the above tungsten oxide material is provided.

A method of producing an ultraviolet protective agent composition, which has high transparency and excellent protection ability against a light of ultraviolet region of wavelengths of 200 to 420 nm, and an ultraviolet protective agent composition obtained by the production method are provided. The method of producing an ultraviolet protective agent composition includes at least step (a) of precipitating iron oxide microparticles by mixing with a microreactor an iron oxide raw material fluid containing at least Fe.sup.3+ ion, and an iron oxide precipitation fluid containing at least a basic substance; and step (b) of dispersing the above precipitated iron oxide microparticles in a dispersion medium to obtain iron oxide microparticle dispersion, wherein a haze value of the iron oxide microparticle dispersion is 2.0% or less, and a transmittance of the iron oxide microparticle dispersion for the light of the wavelengths of 200 to 420 nm is 2.0% or less.

Method for producing a photochromic material and a component including the photochromic material, where the method comprises the steps of:-first the formation on a substrate of a layer of an essentially oxygen free metal hydride with a predetermined thickness using a physical vapor deposition process; and -second exposing the metal hydride layer to oxygen where the oxygen reacts with the metal hydride, resulting in a material with photochromic properties.

A method is provided for producing an article which is transparent to near-wave IR, mid-wave and Long-wave multi-spectral and IR wavelength in the region of 0.4 μm to 16 μm. The method includes the steps of (a) Producing ultra-fine powder of CaLa.sub.2S.sub.4 via SPLTS process, (b) followed by pretreatment of the ultra-fine powder under inert and reducing gas conditions including H.sub.2 or Argon or N.sub.2 or H.sub.2/H.sub.2S, H.sub.2S, and mixtures there of (c) followed by sieving the powder in 140 mesh screen and cold pressing the powder at 7000 psi for 7 min. into a disk shaped green body (d) then Cold-Isostatic Pressing (CIP) at 40,000 psi for 5 min in a rubber mold (e) finally sintered article of CaLa.sub.2S.sub.4 disk of 25.4 mm diameter with ultra-high density containing cubic phase of CaLa.sub.2S.sub.4 to yield IR transmission of a peak value of 57% within the IR wavelength range of 2 μm to 16 μm, either by using microwave sintering followed by hot isostatic press or spark plasma sintering followed by hot isostatic press or vacuum sintering at (3×10.sup.−6 torr) followed by hot isostatic press or hot press sintering followed by hot isostatic press and finally followed by mirror polished IR article, is obtained.

A substrate comprising diamond has NV.sup.- centers in a concentration greater than about 0.5 parts per million (ppm). The method for producing this diamond substrate includes providing diamond being doped with nitrogen, irradiating at least a partial surface of the substrate with radiation that creates vacancies in the diamond, and carrying out a second heat treatment of the substrate at a certain temperature. The substrate can be used as a sensor element of a magnetometer or also as a qubit of a quantum computer

The present disclosure is a photoelectric conversion element including: a photoelectric conversion layer 5 including a first quantum dot 4a and a second quantum dot 4b, a ratio X of the number of heavy metal atoms to the number of oxygen group atoms is less than 2 on a surface of the nanoparticle of the first quantum dot 4a, the ratio X is greater than or equal to 2 on a surface of the nanoparticle of the second quantum dot 4b, and Equation (1) is satisfied:
0.3<N  (1),
where N denotes a ratio of the number of second quantum dots to the number of first quantum dots.

A quantum dot device and an electronic device including the device are provided. The quantum dot device includes a first electrode and a second electrode, a quantum dot layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a hole auxiliary layer disposed between the quantum dot layer and the first electrode, wherein the hole auxiliary layer includes nickel oxide and a self-assembled monolayer disposed between the hole auxiliary layer and the quantum dot layer, the self-assembled monolayer including an organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1.

A method of manufacturing a cerium dioxide powder is provided. The method includes mixing a cerium salt, an amine and solvent to form a mixed solution, in which the amine includes a secondary amine, a tertiary amine or a combination thereof, and the tertiary amine is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylenetetramine, triethylenediamine and a combination thereof. A solvothermal reaction of the mixed solution is performed to form the cerium dioxide powder. The cerium dioxide powder manufactured by the method is also provided herein.