Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to a method, apparatus and system for the destruction of hazardous material including Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances. The method, apparatus and system can include non-concentrated hazardous material or the concentration of the hazardous material into granular activated charcoal or other absorbents and a vacuum controlled loading system for a re-usable or non-reusable container to minimize leakage of the hazardous material into the atmosphere.

A method of treating and grading contaminated particulate material includes i. physically breaking up the particulate material to separate the particles thereof; ii. rinsing and grading the particulate material to separate the particulate material into an oversize fraction and an undersize fraction; iii. washing and grading the oversize fraction to produce one or more treated aggregate products; iv. passing the undersize fraction through a high shear washing process to separate contaminants therefrom; v. fluidising and cleaning the undersize fraction in a classification tank to produce one or more treated sand products at an underflow thereof by passing clean water upwardly into the classification tank. Optionally, waste water resulting from stages (ii), (iii) and (iv) is treated to form process water, a portion of which is used in stage (ii), a portion of the process water undergoing one or more further treatment processes to produce clean water used in stage (v).

A method of treating and grading contaminated particulate material includes i. physically breaking up the particulate material to separate the particles thereof; ii. rinsing and grading the particulate material to separate the particulate material into an oversize fraction and an undersize fraction; iii. washing and grading the oversize fraction to produce one or more treated aggregate products; iv. passing the undersize fraction through a high shear washing process to separate contaminants therefrom; v. fluidising and cleaning the undersize fraction in a classification tank to produce one or more treated sand products at an underflow thereof by passing clean water upwardly into the classification tank. Optionally, waste water resulting from stages (ii), (iii) and (iv) is treated to form process water, a portion of which is used in stage (ii), a portion of the process water undergoing one or more further treatment processes to produce clean water used in stage (v).

An ammonia capture and recovery system comprises five process steps, including an ammonia removal step, an ammonia recovery step, a product granulation step, a granulated product wax-coating step, and a granulated product encapsulation step. These steps are modular in that multiple approaches are valid for each step if it meets the process requirements for the next influent. Also, a method of taking ammonia-containing wastewater and producing several water fractions (preferably of decreasing volume and increasing purity) and a time-release ammonium-containing fertilizer, resulting in a sustainable nitrogenous fertilizer product that reduces fertilizer use and subsequent nutrient runoff while being produced from wastewater and not fossil fuel or hydrogen sources.

An ammonia capture and recovery system comprises five process steps, including an ammonia removal step, an ammonia recovery step, a product granulation step, a granulated product wax-coating step, and a granulated product encapsulation step. These steps are modular in that multiple approaches are valid for each step if it meets the process requirements for the next influent. Also, a method of taking ammonia-containing wastewater and producing several water fractions (preferably of decreasing volume and increasing purity) and a time-release ammonium-containing fertilizer, resulting in a sustainable nitrogenous fertilizer product that reduces fertilizer use and subsequent nutrient runoff while being produced from wastewater and not fossil fuel or hydrogen sources.

A waste water treatment system for removing contaminant chemicals, bacteria and organic matter to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD). The system uses thermal energy to remove chemicals that can be oxidized to reduce the COD, and to destroy bacteria and organic matter to reduce the BOD of the treated water. The system can include an expansion chamber and a nozzle to create steam which can be used as thermal energy to heat the waste water and provide the proper treatment to reduce the COD and BOD of the processed waste water.

A reverse osmosis (RO) system is described that is connectable to a dialysis machine and is capable of using heated purified water to clean and disinfect an external connection section or portion disposed between the RO system and the dialysis unit (or any other external heat tolerant device) without forming a closed loop system between both systems before and during a heat forward process. This can be accomplished without the need for direct/indirect or wired/wireless communication with the dialysis unit or the need to introduce a chemical cleaner or process that would require further rinsing after chemical disinfection.

A reverse osmosis (RO) system is described that is connectable to a dialysis machine and is capable of using heated purified water to clean and disinfect an external connection section or portion disposed between the RO system and the dialysis unit (or any other external heat tolerant device) without forming a closed loop system between both systems before and during a heat forward process. This can be accomplished without the need for direct/indirect or wired/wireless communication with the dialysis unit or the need to introduce a chemical cleaner or process that would require further rinsing after chemical disinfection.

A water treatment device comprising a clear container with lid surrounded by a solar reflector, and an insert in the form of a thin sheet or mesh permanently coated with titanium dioxide as a water sanitizing catalyst. The container is filled with non-potable water, covered with the lid, and placed in direct sunlight. Direct and reflected sunlight enters the water through the clear container and lid, where the sunlight's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and increased solar thermal heat disinfect the water. Further, the catalyst on the insert reacts with dissolved oxygen in the water to produce reactive oxygen species. These reactive species react with and decompose organic compounds in the water, and kill or inactivate pathogens. In addition, the reactive oxygen species further react with the water itself to produce additional free radical species, which also react with and decompose organic compounds and kill or inactivate pathogens.

A method of sanitizing liquid for use in a medical device, the method comprising the steps of providing a medical device defining a water circuit with a volume of liquid, sensing the temperature of the volume of liquid with a sensor, heating the volume of liquid from an initial temperature to exceed a threshold temperature, maintaining the volume of liquid above the threshold temperature, determining a time-temperature value for the volume of liquid periodically once the threshold temperature has been exceeded, calculating a cumulative time-temperature value and providing an output signal once the cumulative time-temperature value has reached a level indicative of a sanitizing dose. A medical device and a liquid sanitizer are also disclosed.