A method of separating material, such as foam, sludge, oil or grease, at a fluid's surface, by applying acoustic pressure shock waves to the material and the fluid's surface such that acoustic pressure shock waves are propagated in liquid medium of the fluid and in gas medium above the fluid surface.

A method of separating material, such as foam, sludge, oil or grease, at a fluid's surface, by applying acoustic pressure shock waves to the material and the fluid's surface such that acoustic pressure shock waves are propagated in liquid medium of the fluid and in gas medium above the fluid surface.

A process for purification of waste water from dairy processing, which may include providing waste water from the dairy-processing industry that includes lactic acid and urea; adjusting the waste water to an alkaline pH value, while precipitating the lactic acid as a lactate; subjecting the waste water to a first reverse osmosis step, obtaining a lactate-containing first retentate and a lactate-free first permeate; adjusting the first permeate such obtained to an acid pH value; cooling the permeate that has been adjusted to an acid pH to a temperature within the range of 2 to 10° C.; subjecting the cooled first permeate to a second reverse osmosis step, obtaining a urea-containing second retentate and a second permeate that is practically completely free from organic loading; and, optionally, recycling the second permeate, reintroducing it into a dairy-processing procedure.

The invention relates to a process for treating a waste lye of a lye scrub in which the waste lye is fed with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture and steam to an oxidation unit (1) and in the latter is subjected to a wet oxidation for a reaction time period at a first temperature level and a first pressure level, a three-phase component mixture, which comprises a gas phase, a liquid phase and solid particles, being removed from the oxidation unit (1) and subjected to a cooling and phase separation. It is provided that the three-phase component mixture in an unchanged composition is first subjected to an expansion from the first pressure level to a second pressure level and thereby cooled down to a second temperature level, and that the three-phase component mixture expanded to the second pressure level and cooled down to the second temperature level is subsequently subjected at least partly to a further cooling to a third temperature level and after that to a phase separation. A corresponding installation is likewise the subject of the present invention.

The invention relates to a process for treating a waste lye of a lye scrub in which the waste lye is fed with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture and steam to an oxidation unit (1) and in the latter is subjected to a wet oxidation for a reaction time period at a first temperature level and a first pressure level, a three-phase component mixture, which comprises a gas phase, a liquid phase and solid particles, being removed from the oxidation unit (1) and subjected to a cooling and phase separation. It is provided that the three-phase component mixture in an unchanged composition is first subjected to an expansion from the first pressure level to a second pressure level and thereby cooled down to a second temperature level, and that the three-phase component mixture expanded to the second pressure level and cooled down to the second temperature level is subsequently subjected at least partly to a further cooling to a third temperature level and after that to a phase separation. A corresponding installation is likewise the subject of the present invention.

The Cryo-Thermo Desalinator (CTD) is a “fire and ice” approach to potability and water reuse using liquid natural gas (LNG) for systemic fuel and cooling. The upstream key heat exchanger (HX) uses LNG to differentiate raw water into pretreated ice melt and cryo-brine blowdown. Ice melt-diluted raw water is primarily sent to the mid-stream key HX condenser where it and LNG tube bundles collapse water vapor into potable water. The downstream key HX uses LNG to separate cryo-brine and thermo-brine into heavy brine and skimmed saline ice which is reinjected into pretreated raw water for maximum corrosion and scaling dilution and extra potability. Heavy brine discharge is more easily dewatered for mining salts, mineral and elements. Pressurized LNG, becoming high pressure natural gas, adds desirable latent heat of vaporization to downstream gas users, including the integrated CCGT/HRSG and is roughly-proportional to thirsty residential/industrial gas users which the CTD serves.

The Cryo-Thermo Desalinator (CTD) is a “fire and ice” approach to potability and water reuse using liquid natural gas (LNG) for systemic fuel and cooling. The upstream key heat exchanger (HX) uses LNG to differentiate raw water into pretreated ice melt and cryo-brine blowdown. Ice melt-diluted raw water is primarily sent to the mid-stream key HX condenser where it and LNG tube bundles collapse water vapor into potable water. The downstream key HX uses LNG to separate cryo-brine and thermo-brine into heavy brine and skimmed saline ice which is reinjected into pretreated raw water for maximum corrosion and scaling dilution and extra potability. Heavy brine discharge is more easily dewatered for mining salts, mineral and elements. Pressurized LNG, becoming high pressure natural gas, adds desirable latent heat of vaporization to downstream gas users, including the integrated CCGT/HRSG and is roughly-proportional to thirsty residential/industrial gas users which the CTD serves.

An apparatus for generating dialysate for dialysis comprising a dialysate outlet and a dialysate inlet and dialysate purifying means, wherein the purifying means comprise a cryopurifier for generating pure water, wherein the inlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate outlet and the outlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate inlet; and a method for reclaiming of fresh dialysate from ultrafiltrate and wasted dialysate extracted from a dialysis patient, comprising the following steps: preparing an ice slurry from the dialysate, wherein the ice slurry contains ice crystals and a liquid containing solutes; and separating the ice crystals from the liquid containing the solutes.

An apparatus for generating dialysate for dialysis comprising a dialysate outlet and a dialysate inlet and dialysate purifying means, wherein the purifying means comprise a cryopurifier for generating pure water, wherein the inlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate outlet and the outlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate inlet; and a method for reclaiming of fresh dialysate from ultrafiltrate and wasted dialysate extracted from a dialysis patient, comprising the following steps: preparing an ice slurry from the dialysate, wherein the ice slurry contains ice crystals and a liquid containing solutes; and separating the ice crystals from the liquid containing the solutes.

To provide a sterilizer preventing ultraviolet ray absorption in a body of a case body and emitting ultraviolet rays to a portion to be sterilized without involving positioning with high accuracy. A sterilizer 1a has a case body 2 containing a member having an ultraviolet-ray transmission property and a flow passage formed thereinside and an ultraviolet-ray irradiation portion 3 irradiating a predetermined portion of a member configuring the case body 2 with ultraviolet rays, in which ultraviolet rays emitted from the ultraviolet-ray irradiation portion 3 travel in a body of the case body 2 to be radiated at least from an end surface on an output end side of the case body 2.