Managed ecosystems, methods for producing managed ecosystems and methods for using managed ecosystems for sequestering carbon dioxide are described herein. Produced water is obtained and purified to sustain a managed ecosystem with saline-tolerant vegetation. The managed ecosystem biologically sequesters carbon dioxide by photosynthetically absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and by decomposition into a layer of sediment on the ecosystem floor.

A heterogeneous material (e.g., a metal-organic framework or “MOF”) is useful for removing heavy metals from a liquid (e.g., water). The heterogeneous material may incorporate a group 16-containing heterocycle supported on solid media. Thiophene-containing MOFs, such as ATF-1 and DUT-67, may be used to remove lead from water. It is postulated that the metal is adsorbed via non-covalent interactions. The systems and methods described herein may also be applicable to other heavy metals. Thus, the applications are not limited to drinking water purification. Instead, the systems and methods may be used for a broad variety of other applications, such as nuclear waste remediation.

The present application relates to a novel method for reductive degradation of perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds, such as perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, by activated carbon (AC) supported zero valent iron-nickle nanoparticles (nNi.sup.0Fe.sup.0).

A method for mitigating microbe buildup within a potable water supply system including: cleaning of the water supply system; acquiring data including at least water conditions at multiple points within the potable water supply system; a control system adjusting local water conditions within the potable water supply system; a bacteria monitor assessing water within the potable water system to determine at least levels of bacteria within the potable water system; and applying an antimicrobial condition to water within the potable water system.

A water filter cartridge is provided for gravity-feed water filtration applications, and includes a granular filter media made from a mixture of titanium dioxide particles interspersed with granular activated charcoal. The granular filter media is placed in a filter housing having an upper inlet opening and a lower outlet opening. A seal may be disposed around an outer periphery of the housing at its upper region, and may include a flange region that flexes upwardly upon insertion of the sidewall into a filter cartridge opening.

Disclosed herein is a fungicide, including a porous carbon material and a silver member adhered to the porous carbon material, wherein a value of a specific surface area based on a nitrogen BET, namely Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method is equal to or larger than 10 m.sup.2/g, and a volume of a fine pore based on a BJH, namely Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda method and an MP, namely Micro Pore method is equal to or larger than 0.1 cm.sup.3/g.

Contaminant-sequestering coatings include a network of hydrolyzed silane compounds including (i) a plurality of fluorinated functionalities, and (ii) a plurality of thiol functional groups are provided. The network of hydrolyzed silane compounds includes a fluorinated silane including (a) a hydrophilic polar head region. The polar head region includes one or multiple units of ethylene glycol (EG) functionality, (b) a fluorine-containing region, and (c) an anchor region including a silicon atom. The contaminant-sequestering coatings may sequester one or more per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), heavy metals, biological species, or any combination thereof.

A method of sorbing a PFAS compound from a contaminated sample can include admixing a modified clay sorbent with the sample. The modified clay can include a clay intercalated with a blend of mono-quatemary amine compound and multifunctional-quatemary amine compound having a functionality of 3 or more.

A filter for a liquid purifier, comprising: a filter housing having an inlet to receive water and an outlet to discharge the water; and a filter module provided in the filter housing, and configured to purify water introduced through the inlet, and to provide the purified water to the outlet, wherein the filter module includes a carbon block having a hollow tube shape by mixing activated carbon, a binder, ferric hydroxide, and titanium oxide, and the binder is mixed at a ratio of 13% to 23% by weight.

Described herein is a functional graphene composition comprising a graphene scaffold and one or more metal chelating functional groups covalently bonded to the graphene scaffold and a porous substrate that includes the functional graphene composition. Also provided is a method of removing dissolved metals from an aqueous liquid, such as, acid mine drainage.