A novel Salt Repellent Technique is presented to remove all inorganic salts from seawater to get potable water. The repellent additives recommended throws out all salts of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium and the like ions from seawater and paves way to get salt free potable water. The conventional washing of ice crystals is completely avoided due to the presence of additives. This technique helps to remove last traces of salts from seawater and analogous waters, without undertaking the conventional washing process. The new salt repellent process assures of high water recovery, ease of operation, lesser pollution, smaller plants, simpler machinery and technology, lower energy cost, nil or lesser pre-treatment and recovery of valuable by-products. To reduce the TDS still lower, it is recommended to have a simplified reverse osmosis unit in addition, as a post-operative arrangement.

A drilling mud treatment unit (100) comprises a primary duct (10) for feeding coagulated drilling mud, an in-line flocculation system (20) for flocculating the coagulated drilling mud flowing in the primary duct (10), and at least one hydrocyclone (30) fed by the primary duct (10) and arranged downstream from the flocculation system (20). The hydrocyclone (30) has an overflow orifice (32) for receiving a liquid product resulting from treatment of the drilling mud and an underflow orifice (34) for receiving a solid product resulting from treatment of the drilling mud. The overflow orifice (32) presents an overflow diameter (Do) and the underflow orifice presents an underflow diameter (Du), and the underflow diameter (Du) is greater than 1.1 times the overflow diameter (Do).

A drilling mud treatment unit (100) comprises a primary duct (10) for feeding coagulated drilling mud, an in-line flocculation system (20) for flocculating the coagulated drilling mud flowing in the primary duct (10), and at least one hydrocyclone (30) fed by the primary duct (10) and arranged downstream from the flocculation system (20). The hydrocyclone (30) has an overflow orifice (32) for receiving a liquid product resulting from treatment of the drilling mud and an underflow orifice (34) for receiving a solid product resulting from treatment of the drilling mud. The overflow orifice (32) presents an overflow diameter (Do) and the underflow orifice presents an underflow diameter (Du), and the underflow diameter (Du) is greater than 1.1 times the overflow diameter (Do).

Provided is a separator comprising a chamber having a chamber wall opening, and an inlet module comprising an attachment portion and a projecting portion, the attachment portion is coupled to the chamber wall and comprises an inlet for receiving liquid, the projecting portion comprises an outlet configured to create a circulating flow about a central axis of the chamber, the projecting portion is offset from the attachment portion, a first wall is formed between the projecting portion and the chamber wall, a second wall opposes the first wall, a first side wall and a second side wall oppose each other and connects the first and second walls, the second side wall is continuous and the first side wall defines the outlet, the outlet is directed tangentially with respect to the central axis and wherein liquid exits the inlet module in a tangential direction with respect to the central axis.

Provided is a separator comprising a chamber having a chamber wall opening, and an inlet module comprising an attachment portion and a projecting portion, the attachment portion is coupled to the chamber wall and comprises an inlet for receiving liquid, the projecting portion comprises an outlet configured to create a circulating flow about a central axis of the chamber, the projecting portion is offset from the attachment portion, a first wall is formed between the projecting portion and the chamber wall, a second wall opposes the first wall, a first side wall and a second side wall oppose each other and connects the first and second walls, the second side wall is continuous and the first side wall defines the outlet, the outlet is directed tangentially with respect to the central axis and wherein liquid exits the inlet module in a tangential direction with respect to the central axis.

A sea water intake system comprising a main sea water intake pipe, one end of the sea water intake pipe being provided with a centrifugal chamber, the chamber having at least one tangential inlet for entry of sea water to cause rotation of the sea water in the chamber. The other end of the intake pipe terminates in a sump, the sump having a water level lower than that of sea level and having a pump to transport sea water from the sump through a delivery pipe to a treatment plant. A central region of the centrifugal chamber is in fluid communication with a substantially vertical airlift pipe having an air inlet at, or close, to the chamber and a water exit remote from the chamber.

A sea water intake system comprising a main sea water intake pipe, one end of the sea water intake pipe being provided with a centrifugal chamber, the chamber having at least one tangential inlet for entry of sea water to cause rotation of the sea water in the chamber. The other end of the intake pipe terminates in a sump, the sump having a water level lower than that of sea level and having a pump to transport sea water from the sump through a delivery pipe to a treatment plant. A central region of the centrifugal chamber is in fluid communication with a substantially vertical airlift pipe having an air inlet at, or close, to the chamber and a water exit remote from the chamber.

Methods and systems for treating oil sands tailings streams using multiple dosages of lime are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises providing a tailings stream including 3-40% solids by total weight, combining the tailings stream with a first dosage of lime to produce a first mixture having a pH of less than 12.0, and then combining the first mixture with a polymer to produce a second mixture. In some embodiments, the method can further include combining the second mixture with a second dosage of lime to produce a third mixture having a pH greater than 12.0, and dewatering the third mixture in a centrifuge unit and/or a pressure filtration unit to produce a product stream having 55% or more solids by weight.

A separator, for separating solids from a liquid, comprises a hydrodynamic separator, a first filtration device, a first backwash device, a second filtration device, and a second backwash device. The first filtration device comprises a first inlet at a first level for receiving at least a first portion of the liquid from the hydrodynamic separator, and a first filter for filtering the first portion of the liquid received via the first inlet. During filtration of the first portion of the liquid, the first portion of the liquid passes through the first filter away from the first inlet and a first portion of solids is retained by the first filter. The first filter is located between the first inlet and the first backwash device. The first backwash device is configured to alternately prevent and allow the passage of the first portion of the liquid through the first backwash device such that, when the passage of the first portion of the liquid through the first backwash device is prevented, the first portion of the liquid that has passed through the first filter passes back through the first filter toward the first inlet so as to remove the first portion of solids from the first filter. The second filtration device comprises a second inlet at a second level higher than the first level for receiving a second portion of the liquid from the hydrodynamic separator, and a second filter for filtering the second portion of the liquid received via the second inlet. During filtration of the second portion of the liquid, the second portion of the liquid passes through the second filter away from the second inlet, and a second portion of solids is retained by the second filter. The second filter is located between the second inlet and the second backwash device. The second backwash device is configured to alternately prevent and allow the passage of the second portion of the liquid through the second backwash device such that, when the passage of the second portion of the liquid through the second backwash device is prevented, the second portion of the liquid that has passed through the second filter passes back through the second filter toward the second inlet so as to remove the second portion of solids from the second filter.

A method for differentially lysing a liquid sample or target material using an augmented oxidizing agent (AOA), which includes a quantity of electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs). The method reduces or eliminates total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), Biologic Oxygen Demand (BOD), microbial concentration, biofilms and other content in the liquid target material known or suspected to contain animal fluids, blood and blood cells and suspected or known to contain eukaryotic cells, microbial cells, bacteria, viruses, spores, fungi, prions, organic matter, minerals, proteins or associated structures. The BOD, TDS and TSS can be lowered or eliminated as desired. This action is directly proportional to the quantity of EMODs in the AOS applied to the liquid target material.