A method for treating slime-forming bacteria within a water well, including providing a capacitor discharge well treatment device, introducing the capacitor discharge well treatment device into a well water source, powering the capacitor discharge well treatment device with a high voltage current, and subjecting slime-forming bacteria within the well water source to the high voltage current.

An apparatus for providing metal ions to a fluid waste stream includes a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port through which the fluid waste stream enters and exits the housing. Within the housing and between the inlet and outlet ports is an electrode assembly that includes first electrode ring assemblies and second electrode ring assemblies. Each first electrode ring assembly includes a first tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more first electrode plates span the interior of the first tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. Each second electrode ring assembly includes a second tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more second electrode plates span the interior of the second tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. The first tubular sections of the first electrode ring assemblies are in fluid communication with the second tubular sections of the second electrode ring assemblies.

The present invention provides a system that includes a glow discharge cell and a plasma arc torch. A first valve is connected to a wastewater source. An eductor has a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, wherein the first inlet is connected to the outlet of the electrically conductive cylindrical vessel, the second inlet is connected to the first valve, and the outlet is connected to the tangential inlet of the plasma arc torch. A second valve is connected between the tangential outlet of the plasma arc torch and the inlet of the glow discharge cell, such that the plasma arc torch provides the electrically conductive fluid to the glow discharge cell and the glow discharge cell provides a treated water via the outlet centered in the closed second end.

An object is to provide a ferrite composition suitable for an antenna element with a long communication distance in a high-frequency band (for example, 13.56 MHz), a ferrite plate formed of the ferrite composition, a magnetic member for an antenna element formed of the ferrite plate, and an antenna element provided with a member for an antenna element. A ferrite composition, wherein: main components contain, with Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 conversion, 45.0-49.5 mol % of iron oxide, with CuO conversion, 4.0-16.0 mol % of copper oxide, with ZnO conversion, 19.0-25.0 mol % of zinc oxide, a remaining portion is constituted by nickel oxide, an inevitable impurity is removed with respect to the main components, and as accessory components, with TiO.sub.2 conversion, 0.5-2 weight % of titanium oxide, with CoO conversion, 0.35-2 weight % of cobalt oxide are contained.

A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.

Electrochemical purification apparatuses for treating water and methods of assembling the devices are provided. The apparatuses may be cross-flow electrochemical devices. The devices may be assembled and sealed through masking and application of a potting material. The devices may comprise various structures configured to improve the current efficiency of the device, reduce leakage, and improve the distribution of potting material to the assembly.

A system and method for treatment of a wastewater fluid is described. The system includes a gas supply system to provide a process gas into the wastewater fluid, a pulsed electrical-power generator to generate high electrical voltage pulses and a reactor apparatus pneumatically coupled to the gas supply system, and electrically coupled to the pulsed electrical-power generator. The reactor apparatus is configured to produce a plurality of gas microbubbles of the process gas injected into the wastewater fluid supplied into the reactor apparatus for the treatment, and to apply the high electrical voltage pulses generated by the pulsed electrical-power generator to said plurality of the microbubbles. The high electrical voltage pulses have energy sufficient to create a plasma glow discharge within the plurality of the microbubbles, and in an interface of the microbubbles with the wastewater fluid.

A disinfection device for a trapped-liquid comprising of a drain trap for a liquid flow having an inner surface to trap a volume of the trapped-liquid and a helical coil capable of generating metal ions to eliminate biological cells attached to said drain trap. An electric valve is connected to a tap water and the helical coil and a power supply provides a current and a voltage to the helical coil for a period of ionization and a sensor system installed in the drain trap to sense flow of a liquid through the drain trap. A timer system to determine the length of a stagnant-time that the trapped-liquid is stagnant in the drain trap; and to determine the length of an ionization-time for the period of ionization.

The United States faces significant environmental burden to treat and transport ˜0.61 billion kg of defective tomatoes (culled tomatoes) every year. The present disclosure provides for the treatment and processing of culled tomatoes in microbial-electrochemical systems, using the microbial fuel cell as a model reactor. The fundamental differences between the long-term oxidative behavior of unprocessed culled tomatoes compared to the three readily soluble substrates (dextrose, acetate, and wastewater) are disclosed. AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses indicate the influential impedance contributions of the peel & seed to the cull oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry tests indicate that the indigenous redox-active pigments in the cull influence the faradaic processes involved in the cull oxidation.

Apparatus for purifying a fluid, which comprises electrode layers facing each other, power supplied to different polarities with spacer layers interposed, and traversed by a flow of fluid to be treated containing ionized particles. The electrode layers and the spacer layers are wound as a spiral around a longitudinal extension axis inside the suitably cylindrical containment structure. The power supply comprises a pair of collectors that are extended with portions inside the winding connected to the corresponding first internal sides of the electrode layers at the longitudinal extension axis.