A system and method for the electromagnetic energization of packed content, in which the system includes at least one container filled with at least one fluid, at least one energization element, at least one grounding element, at least one containment element, one or more alignment elements, one or more contact elements, at least one grounding connection element, at least one grounding element, and optionally at least one movement element. Additionally, a corresponding apparatus is provided.

A system and method for the electromagnetic energization of packed content, in which the system includes at least one container filled with at least one fluid, at least one energization element, at least one grounding element, at least one containment element, one or more alignment elements, one or more contact elements, at least one grounding connection element, at least one grounding element, and optionally at least one movement element. Additionally, a corresponding apparatus is provided.

A water treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank, having therein a grounded electrode and a high-voltage electrode opposing the grounded electrode, for generating electric discharge between both the electrodes, and causing to-be-treated water to pass between the electrodes and contact with the electric discharge to perform water treatment, an ozone mixing portion for supplying ozone-containing gas in the treatment tank through a gas sending portion to the to-be-treated water supplied from outside, and a gas returning portion for sending gas in the ozone mixing portion to the treatment tank, are provided, and water treatment is performed by ozone in the ozone mixing portion, and water treatment is thereafter performed by the electric discharge in the treatment tank.

A water treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank, having therein a grounded electrode and a high-voltage electrode opposing the grounded electrode, for generating electric discharge between both the electrodes, and causing to-be-treated water to pass between the electrodes and contact with the electric discharge to perform water treatment, an ozone mixing portion for supplying ozone-containing gas in the treatment tank through a gas sending portion to the to-be-treated water supplied from outside, and a gas returning portion for sending gas in the ozone mixing portion to the treatment tank, are provided, and water treatment is performed by ozone in the ozone mixing portion, and water treatment is thereafter performed by the electric discharge in the treatment tank.

A conventional media filter such as a gravity sand filter is converted into a membrane filter. The media is removed and replaced by immersed membrane modules. Transmembrane pressure is created by a static head pressure differential, without a suction pump, thereby creating a membrane gravity filter (MGF). Preferred operating parameters include transmembrane pressure of 5-20 kPa, 1-3 backwashes per day, and a flux of 10-20 L/m.sup.2/h. The membranes are dosed with chlorine or another oxidant, preferably at 700 minutes*mg/L as Cl.sub.2 equivalent per week or less. The small oxidant does is believed to provide a porous biofilm or fouling layer without substantially removing the layer. The media filter may be modified so that backwash wastewater is removed from near the bottom of the tank rather than through backwash troughs above the membrane modules. Membrane integrity testing may be done while the tank is emptied after a backwash.

Described herein is a flow-through application and system that utilizes a nanoparticle technology, which is modular and scalable, that can be utilized to recover a contaminant from water using an attendant pump and in-line sensors along with magnets and ultrasonic energy to separate magnetic nanoparticles from an aqueous mixture and to further separate recovered contaminant from contaminant-adsorbent nanoparticles. The contaminant can include an organic contaminant, such as an oil.

A flow path is disclosed that comprises a suction part that suctions a fluid and a discharge part that discharges the fluid, the flow path being configured so that the path thereof is defined as non-linear and is set so as to be longer than the linear distance of the flow path; and a decreasing/eliminating means in which a subject contained in the fluid and flowing downstream in the flow path is subjected to decomposition and/or deactivation and/or sterilization.

A removing system includes: an anode and a cathode configured to oppose active materials to each other to form a first passage, the anode and the cathode adsorbing ions in response to the application of direct current potential between the active materials; a second passage configured to form a path for liquid containing ions at a concentration equal to or higher than a predetermined level; and a third passage configured to connect a path for diluting liquid to the second passage to mix the liquid with the diluting liquid, the third passage serving to supply to the first passage liquid containing ions at a concentration lower than the predetermined level.

A capacitive deionization device includes, an anode and a cathode configured to oppose active materials to each other to form a passage, the anode and the cathode adsorbing ions based on electric double layers established in pores on the surfaces of the active materials; a concentration controller configured to keep the concentration of ions in liquid flowing into the passage at a level equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold; and a control circuit configured to regulate potential applied between the anode and the cathode at a level lower than an upper limit determined in accordance with the concentration of the ions detected.

The present disclosure relates to the field of resource-oriented utilization technologies for wastewater salt muds and more particular to a resource-oriented utilization method for a high-salt salt mud containing sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. The method includes: performing two stages of oxidation, i.e. Fenton-like treatment and chlorine dioxide treatment, in sequence on a salt mud solution, and then replacing a sodium salt with an ammonium salt to prepare a pure alkali and a mixed ammonium salt. In the method, multi-stage oxidation process is performed to effectively use ingredients such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate so as to thoroughly eliminate organic matters and heavy metals in the high-salt salt mud, and achieve resource-oriented utilization of the salt mud, thus saving burial treatment costs, and producing good economic benefits as well as good environmental benefits.