A water savings system and method for reducing the amount of water needed for adiabatic cooling including the use of a softener and a reverse osmosis device, in which tap water, softened if necessary, is delivered to a reverse osmosis device and softened water alone, reverse osmosis reject water, or softened water combined with reverse osmosis reject water is delivered to spray nozzles for cooling, and reverse osmosis pure water is stored and used periodically to flush the coils to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion from dissolved salts and other solids in the spray water.

A water savings system and method for reducing the amount of water needed for adiabatic cooling including the use of a softener and a reverse osmosis device, in which tap water, softened if necessary, is delivered to a reverse osmosis device and softened water alone, reverse osmosis reject water, or softened water combined with reverse osmosis reject water is delivered to spray nozzles for cooling, and reverse osmosis pure water is stored and used periodically to flush the coils to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion from dissolved salts and other solids in the spray water.

A dilute chemical solution producing apparatus includes, in a supply line of ultrapure water, a platinum group metal carrying resin column, a membrane-type deaeration apparatus, and a gas dissolving membrane apparatus, and a washing chemical solution injection apparatus is provided between the platinum group metal carrying resin column and the membrane-type deaeration apparatus. An inert gas source is connected to a gas phase side of the membrane-type deaeration apparatus, and an inert gas source is also connected to a gas phase side of the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. A discharge line communicates with the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. With such a dilute chemical solution producing apparatus, a dilute chemical solution with both dissolved oxygen and dissolved hydrogen peroxide being removed can be safely produced and supplied in a washing step for semiconductor washing.

A dilute chemical solution producing apparatus includes, in a supply line of ultrapure water, a platinum group metal carrying resin column, a membrane-type deaeration apparatus, and a gas dissolving membrane apparatus, and a washing chemical solution injection apparatus is provided between the platinum group metal carrying resin column and the membrane-type deaeration apparatus. An inert gas source is connected to a gas phase side of the membrane-type deaeration apparatus, and an inert gas source is also connected to a gas phase side of the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. A discharge line communicates with the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. With such a dilute chemical solution producing apparatus, a dilute chemical solution with both dissolved oxygen and dissolved hydrogen peroxide being removed can be safely produced and supplied in a washing step for semiconductor washing.

A composition for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons. The composition includes an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, capable of adsorbing the hydrocarbons. The composition also includes a sulfate-containing compound that releases sulfate over a period of time, e.g., a time-release compound that may include calcium sulfate. The composition includes a nutrient system for promoting growth of facultative anaerobes, in the soil or provided in the composition itself. In some embodiments, the nutrient system includes a sulfide scavenging agent such as iron sulfate. In the same or other embodiments, the nutrient system includes at least one of a nitrogen source and a phosphorous source.

A composition for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons. The composition includes an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, capable of adsorbing the hydrocarbons. The composition also includes a sulfate-containing compound that releases sulfate over a period of time, e.g., a time-release compound that may include calcium sulfate. The composition includes a nutrient system for promoting growth of facultative anaerobes, in the soil or provided in the composition itself. In some embodiments, the nutrient system includes a sulfide scavenging agent such as iron sulfate. In the same or other embodiments, the nutrient system includes at least one of a nitrogen source and a phosphorous source.

A water treatment system is provided with a nitrogen-containing organic compound oxidizing device that treats the first-stage treatment water after filtration and removal of cation ions. An oxidant-containing water stream and an inorganic bromide-containing water stream are respectively added into a pipeline that conducts the first-stage treatment water and then pass through an in-pipe mixer and a mixing unit, whereby to oxidize the nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the first-stage treatment water and then form the second-stage treatment water for output.

A water treatment system is provided with a nitrogen-containing organic compound oxidizing device that treats the first-stage treatment water after filtration and removal of cation ions. An oxidant-containing water stream and an inorganic bromide-containing water stream are respectively added into a pipeline that conducts the first-stage treatment water and then pass through an in-pipe mixer and a mixing unit, whereby to oxidize the nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the first-stage treatment water and then form the second-stage treatment water for output.

A method of supplying water using a natural water pipeline includes withdrawing impaired water from an impaired water body connected to a waterway and treating the impaired water from the impaired water body to produce treated water. The method also includes discharging the treated water into the waterway and conveying the treated water via the waterway to one or more locations proximate to one or more remote operational facilities that withdraws water from the waterway at the one or more locations. The method further includes receiving a monetary value from one or more operational entities operating the one or more remote operational facilities and providing at least a portion of one or more water access rights to the one or more operational entities in exchange for the monetary value.

A method of supplying water using a natural water pipeline includes withdrawing impaired water from an impaired water body connected to a waterway and treating the impaired water from the impaired water body to produce treated water. The method also includes discharging the treated water into the waterway and conveying the treated water via the waterway to one or more locations proximate to one or more remote operational facilities that withdraws water from the waterway at the one or more locations. The method further includes receiving a monetary value from one or more operational entities operating the one or more remote operational facilities and providing at least a portion of one or more water access rights to the one or more operational entities in exchange for the monetary value.