Formulations and methods for destroying dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) using in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) are provided. In particular, the invention provides slow release formulations comprising oxidants such as percarbonate and persulfate that efficiently destroy DNAPLs e.g. at sites requiring clean-up due to the presence of toxic DNAPL contaminants.

A method for waste material treatment that results in a more stable, entombed treated waste product. A reactive treatment formulation can be dispensed with a waste material deposit into a self-contained non-contact agitating toilet to form a stabilized viscous mass. The reactive treatment formulation mixed with the waste material deposit prevents odors, bacterial growth, and stabilizes the waste material into a treated waste product to reduce spillage during disposal.

A method for waste material treatment that results in a more stable, entombed treated waste product. A reactive treatment formulation can be dispensed with a waste material deposit into a self-contained non-contact agitating toilet to form a stabilized viscous mass. The reactive treatment formulation mixed with the waste material deposit prevents odors, bacterial growth, and stabilizes the waste material into a treated waste product to reduce spillage during disposal.

A supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) system with a well-mixed SCWO reactor, a feedstock supplied to the well-mixed SCWO reactor by a feedstock supply line, a recirculation loop flow regulator in fluid communication with the well-mixed SCWO reactor; and a recirculation loop which includes the well-mixed SCWO reactor and the recirculation loop flow regulator, such that the recirculation loop flow regulator receives an oxidant from an oxidant supply line and a first portion of a reactor effluent from the well-mixed SCWO reactor and supplies the oxidant and the first portion of the reactor effluent to the well-mixed SCWO reactor. The SCWO system also includes a heat transfer unit operationally associated with the well-mixed SCWO reactor which performs at least one of: heating the well-mixed SCWO reactor and cooling the well-mixed SCWO reactor.

Methods and systems for temperature-controlled, on-site generation of peracids, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are disclosed. In particular, methods for using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system overcome the limitations of temperature on the kinetics of the peracid generation and/or peracid decomposition inside an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system. The methods include the controlling of the temperature of at least one raw starting material, namely water, to improve upon methods of on-site generation of peracids. The methods allow for the generation of user-selected chemistry without regard to the ambient temperatures of the raw starting materials and/or the biocide formulator or generator system.

A liquid reagent composition for detecting phenol or phenol derivatives includes a reagent capable of generating a stained product by forming a bond with phenol, an oxidant compound or mixture of oxidant compounds, a basic compound or mixture of basic compounds. The ratio of [stained reagent]:[oxidant compound] is 1:2 to 50:1, having a pH greater than 7. Also disclosed is a kit for the use of the composition and liquid-phase method for analysing a fluid potentially containing phenol or a phenol derivatives.

A liquid reagent composition for detecting phenol or phenol derivatives includes a reagent capable of generating a stained product by forming a bond with phenol, an oxidant compound or mixture of oxidant compounds, a basic compound or mixture of basic compounds. The ratio of [stained reagent]:[oxidant compound] is 1:2 to 50:1, having a pH greater than 7. Also disclosed is a kit for the use of the composition and liquid-phase method for analysing a fluid potentially containing phenol or a phenol derivatives.

Provided herein are processes for the removal and/or recovery of a target metal from a liquid sample, said process comprising: [1] applying acoustic cavitation to the liquid; and [2] adding an iron (II) salt, or a precursor form thereof, to the liquid sample and allowing Fenton oxidation reaction to occur between the iron and hydrogen peroxide in the liquid, thereby producing hydroxyl radicals; thereby producing a target metal salt or metal oxide having a reduced solubility in the liquid sample, leading to removal of the target metal from the liquid sample. The use of metal ligands in such processes is also described, as well as systems for performing such processes. Methods, processes, and systems for removing organic contaminants from a liquid sample are also described.

A plasma liquid generating device includes a plasma generating module, a driving circuit, an adjust-controlling module and a mixing structure. The driving circuit is coupled with the plasma generating module and configured to drive the plasma generating module to generate first type plasma particles and second type plasma particles. The adjust-controlling module is coupled with the driving circuit and configured to control the driving circuit to adjust a proportion of the first type plasma particles and the second type plasma particles generated by the plasma generating module. The mixing structure connects with the plasma generating module and configured to mix the first type plasma particles, the second type plasma particles and a liquid so as to produce a plasma liquid.

A plasma liquid generating device includes a plasma generating module, a driving circuit, an adjust-controlling module and a mixing structure. The driving circuit is coupled with the plasma generating module and configured to drive the plasma generating module to generate first type plasma particles and second type plasma particles. The adjust-controlling module is coupled with the driving circuit and configured to control the driving circuit to adjust a proportion of the first type plasma particles and the second type plasma particles generated by the plasma generating module. The mixing structure connects with the plasma generating module and configured to mix the first type plasma particles, the second type plasma particles and a liquid so as to produce a plasma liquid.