Various embodiments relate to an acidic ferrate composition and methods of making ferrate. A method of forming ferrate includes treating an iron source with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution having a pH of less than 7 under conditions sufficient to form ferrate.

The disclosure is a method for recovering groundwater contaminated with organic phenols. The method includes the step of injecting a remediation agent into the groundwater extracted from the stratum to be rehabilitated or ex-situ extracted, followed by the step of injecting manganese-based oxidant. By adding a suitable proportion of soluble silicon to the water to be treated as a remediation agent, the efficiency of manganese-based oxidant in the treatment of phenolic pollutants is enhanced based on interface properties and stability of various manganese oxides in the regulating and recovering process. The method for recovering groundwater contaminated with organic phenols provided by the disclosure has a simple process and is convenient to operate, the adopted chemicals are inexpensive and easy to obtain, cause little corrosion to the injection equipment, and has a wide range of applications in practice. The adopted oxidant will not produce halogenated toxic by-products during the treatment process.

Disclosed is a method for degrading antibiotics by aqueous phase transfer catalysis using an anionic liquid and hydrogen peroxide, including: adding hydrogen peroxide to a wastewater containing the antibiotics to obtain a first mixture, and adjusting a pH of the first mixture to 3-4 to form an aqueous phase, and adding a catalyst to a water-insoluble ionic liquid to obtain a second mixture, and stirring the second mixture to form an ionic liquid phase, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, iron dodecyl sulfonate, ferrous dodecyl sulfonate, and copper dodecyl sulfonate; and mixing the aqueous phase and the ionic liquid phase in a volume ratio of (8-11):1 to obtain a mixed phase, and stirring the mixed phase to degrade the antibiotics.

A magnetization purifying device is provided. At least one or more accommodation spaces formed inside a housing unit along a preset depth or a width status are formed for accommodating a preset amount of magnetization purifying devices having corresponding status, a covering unit having an outwardly-extended engaging segment is provided and capable of being rotated for being matched with an opening formed at one end of the housing unit, another end of the housing unit capable of accommodating the magnetization purifying devices is formed with a recessed engaging segment, so that the magnetization purifying device can perform a predetermined rapid circulating magnetic force line cutting operation to introduced water or air, thereby enabling the water or air fully magnetized and discharged to be provided with anticipated pure oxygen and negative ions, thus the dissolved oxygen in water in a predetermined route, for example an aquaculture pond, can be increased.

Present invention is related to a high performance photothermal conversion materials, membrane, layer structure and applications thereof. The said materials comprise an UV and infrared absorbed material and a visible light absorbed material with at least one of or both of these materials has photothermal conversion ability. These materials could be further produced as a porous membrane or foam layer with a plastic material. Further by layered with another hydrophilic fiber layer, a porous layer structure could be obtained by the present invention with high performance photothermal conversion, uni-direction water transportation and photocatalytic abilities. The present invention could absorb a wide range of light source (UV-to-vis-to-NIP) and convert to another energy like heat solving the insufficiency of conventional photothermal conversion material.

An apparatus for the treatment of wastewater having: a primary treatment module with at least one solids separation filter; a secondary treatment module with at least one microflotation unit and at least one oxidation treatment unit placed downstream of the at least one microflotation unit, the at least one oxidation treatment unit has an advanced oxidation process module for performing chemical processes, the advanced oxidation process module performing an ozone and hypochlorite treatment; a tertiary treatment module including at least one membrane filtration unit; the apparatus provided with sequentially flowing wastewater from the primary treatment module, through the secondary treatment module, and to the tertiary treatment module. A method for wastewater treatment in an apparatus having as sequentially treating wastewater through the primary treatment module, the secondary treatment module, and the tertiary treatment module.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for degrading per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using hydrated electrons generated in an ultraviolet (UV)/sulfite system. These systems and methods may be used, e.g., to remediate wastewater by destroying PFAS and co-contaminants such as chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs).

The present invention refers to an industrial process and system that is efficient and advantageous for inactivation of liquid wastes contaminated by mutagenic, genotoxic and/or teratogenic substances arising from high potency APIs production using inactivation chemical agents and excluding ozone, heat or UV light source.

A supercritical water oxidation vortex reactor has a reactor shell configured to contain a pressurized and heated material including water, a burner assembly configured to create a supercritical core region in the material in the reactor shell, the supercritical core region including water above its critical point, an injector assembly configured to inject into the enclosed volume a subcritical wash stream including water below its critical point and an aspirator arranged in the enclosed volume and configured to remove a processed flow including purified water from an upper portion of the supercritical core region. The supercritical water oxidation vortex reactor is configured with an upward helical flow to transfer precipitated ionic compounds out of the supercritical core region, through a transcritical intermediate region, and into the subcritical wash stream where they re-dissolve.

The disclosure provides a photodegradant for carbamazepine, a method and an apparatus for degrading carbamazepine, and relates to the technical filed of degradation of organic pollutants. The photodegradant provided by the disclosure includes a composite solution of a persulfate and a sulfite. In the disclosure, ultraviolet (UV), the persulfate (PS) and the sulfite (S(IV)) are combined to degrade carbamazepine, during which hydrogen sulfate (HSO.sub.3.sup.−) generated by the hydrolysis of sulfite in water participates in the reaction to produce a large amount of SO.sub.4.sup.⋅− and HO⋅, thus improving the degradation rate and degradation efficiency of carbamazepine. The composite advanced oxidation system, i.e., the ultraviolet/persulfate/sulfite (UV/PS/S(IV)) system, provided by the disclosure has stronger oxidizability than the ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) system and the ultraviolet/sulfite (UV/S(IV)) system, and results in high degradation rate and high degradation efficiency of carbamazepine.