Water treatment structures may have at least a first geotextile fabric layer; a second geotextile fabric layer; a third geotextile fabric layer; a first filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the first and second geotextile fabric layers; and a second filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the second and third geotextile fabric layers, wherein the geotextile fabric layers and the filler layers are within a housing, and wherein the structure is configured such that contaminated water proceeds sequentially through the first geotextile fabric layer, the first filler layer, the second geotextile fabric layer, the second filler layer, and the third geotextile fabric layer. Methods of treating wastewater may involve passing wastewater, after optional oxygenating and pre-filtering, through such alternating layers of geotextile, preferably nonwoven, and polymer particles.

A method comprises flowing a mixture comprising a water-based reaction medium and at least one microalgae into a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction medium comprises a nutrient material that is consumable by a live microalgae, bacterium, or protozoa present in the reaction medium, incubating the mixture under at least intermittent illumination with a specified luminous flux such that the microalgae forms a supporting matrix that incorporates the live microalgae, bacterium, or protozoa into biologically-active bioaggregate granules, selecting out a first specified portion of the biologically-active bioaggregate granules that are smaller than a first specified size or below a first specified weight or selecting out a second specified portion of the biologically-active bioaggregate granules that are larger than a second specified size or over a second specified weight and removing the first and/or the second specified portions of the biologically-active bioaggregate granules in an effluent stream.

Methods of delivering microorganisms loaded onto an inorganic porous medium. Methods of treating wastewater to increase effluent and biosolids quality. Methods of reducing ammonia and denitrifying wastewater effluent. Methods of reducing phosphorous concentration in wastewater effluent. Composition of biosolids derived from wastewater treatment. Wastewater treatment assemblage for increasing wastewater effluent and biosolids quality.

The present invention discloses a tower-shape integrated ecological purification device for domestic sewage in a small town. The device includes a water storage and filter pond, a medium reverse osmosis pond, an amphibious biological reaction system, and an aquatic biological reaction system. The amphibious biological reaction system and the aquatic biological reaction system are alternately connected from the top down. The amphibious biological reaction system and the aquatic biological reaction system form an alternating dry and wet, oxidation-reduction compound environment. Plant absorption, biological substrate transformation, aeration, and strengthening medium adsorption are combined to form a multi-stage plant-microbe-animal integrated ecological purification treatment process/device. The present invention achieves the efficient purification and acceptable discharge of domestic sewage in small towns.

Water treatment structures may have at least a first geotextile fabric layer; a second geotextile fabric layer; a third geotextile fabric layer; a first filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the first and second geotextile fabric layers; and a second filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the second and third geotextile fabric layers, wherein the geotextile fabric layers and the filler layers are within a housing, and wherein the structure is configured such that contaminated water proceeds sequentially through the first geotextile fabric layer, the first filler layer, the second geotextile fabric layer, the second filler layer, and the third geotextile fabric layer. Methods of treating wastewater may involve passing wastewater, after optional oxygenating and pre-filtering, through such alternating layers of geotextile, preferably nonwoven, and polymer particles.

Provided is a method of treating feed water comprising the step of passing the feed water through a biostratum that comprises resin beads and living microorganisms to produce biostratum-treated water, wherein (a) the area-normalized free void volume in the biostratum is 0.018 m.sup.3/m.sup.2 or less; (b) the packing density in the biostratum is 0.68 to 0.96; (c) the ratio of the exterior surface area of the resin beads to the total free void volume in the biostratum is less than 2.0 to 50 m.sup.2/L; (d) the velocity of the water through the biostratum is 1 to 1,500 biostratum volumes per hour; and (e) the Reynolds number of the flow through the biostratum is 0.10 to 3.0.

A continuous flow wastewater treatment system is disclosed. The system can include a main processing circuit comprising an anoxic entry zone and an aerobic exit zone. The system can include a granule-producing sidestream incubator. The sidestream incubator can include an inlet that receives a first portion of return activated sludge (RAS) processed by the aerobic exit zone, a sidestream anoxic zone, and a sidestream anaerobic zone that cooperate to process the first portion of RAS. The sidestream incubator can include an outlet that delivers the processed first portion of RAS to the anoxic entry zone. The sidestream incubator can include a RAS bypass pathway that bypasses the granule-producing sidestream incubator to deliver a second portion of RAS processed by the aerobic exit zone to the anoxic entry zone. In some embodiments, the RAS and/or other fermentate can be step-fed into the sidestream incubator.

The invention relates to a device and method for filtering and/or purifying liquid. The device comprises: an outer housing provided with at least one outer opening; an inner housing which encloses an inner chamber, wherein the inner housing is provided with an inner opening; a purification chamber which extends between the outer housing and the inner housing, wherein the at least one outer opening debouches in the purification chamber and wherein the purification chamber is provided with a carrier material on which a biological purification film can form for filtering and/or purifying water; and wherein a side wall of the inner housing which is adjacent to the purification chamber is provided with one or more fluid throughfeed openings, and wherein, during use of the device, a substantially vortex-like fluid flow path is formed in the purification chamber, between the at least one outer opening and the fluid throughfeed openings.

Provided is a method of treating feed water comprising the step of passing the feed water through a biostratum that comprises resin beads and living microorganisms to produce biostratum-treated water, wherein (a) the area-normalized free void volume in the biostratum is 0.018 m.sup.3/m.sup.2 or less; (b) the packing density in the biostratum is 0.68 to 0.96; (c) the ratio of the exterior surface area of the resin beads to the total free void volume in the biostratum is less than 2.0 to 50 m.sup.2/L; (d) the velocity of the water through the biostratum is 1 to 1,500 biostratum volumes per hour; and (e) the Reynolds number of the flow through the biostratum is 0.10 to 3.0.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal lightweight material and the use thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental functional materials and sewage treatment. In the present invention, sulfur and an iron-based component are thoroughly melted and dispersed to obtain a molten mixture, where the iron-based component is a mixture of iron sulfides with carbonates of calcium and magnesium; and the above molten mixture is subjected to a foaming treatment to form the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal lightweight material. The simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal lightweight material of the present invention has characteristics of high porosity, a large specific surface area, a light weight, and a high reaction activity. The resultant lightweight material, used as a microbial carrier and an electron donor for a biochemical reaction, is applied to a reactor such as a fixed bed or fluidized bed for sewage treatment, with the advantages of a good microbial attachment performance, a high denitrification rate and a good phosphorus removal effect.