The present disclosure generally relates to a system for monitoring and/or controlling one or more agents, such as cleaning agents, in a wastewater treatment system. The system comprises a bio-electrochemical sensor for monitoring metabolic activity of a population of exo-electrogenic bacteria and providing an electrical output corresponding with the metabolic activity, where the bio-electrochemical sensor comprises an electrode pair and a power source for delivering a voltage across the electrode pair, and an electrical output analyzer for analyzing the electrical output and correlating the electrical output with the one or more agents in the wastewater treatment system. a change in electrical output beyond a threshold indicates that an adjustment in the delivery of the one or more agents is needed. a method and sensor for monitoring and/or controlling a cleaning process in a wastewater treatment system are also provided. The system, method, and sensor disclosed herein are particularly useful for cleaning membranes incorporated in a wastewater treatment process.

A reactor for water splitting or water treatment includes a first electrode, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode, and a proton exchange membrane separating the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first optical fiber coated with a photocatalytic material.

An electrode (10) includes a first diffusion layer (1) having water repellency, a second diffusion layer (2) supporting a catalyst (4) thereon, and an oxygen-permeable layer (3) having oxygen permeability and interposed between the first diffusion layer and the second diffusion layer. The second diffusion layer includes a sheet-like carbon material. A fuel cell (100) includes an anode (20) supporting microorganisms, an ion transfer layer (30) permeable to hydrogen ions, and a cathode (40) being the electrode (10) and separated from the anode with the ion transfer layer interposed therebetween.

A system and method for algal harvesting and destabilization are provided. The system includes a multifunctional reactive electrochemical membrane (REM). The application of an electrical current generates reactive species at the REM surface and oxidizes algae and soluble organic compounds. This novel type of membrane filtration avoids the use of harmful chemical additives. In addition, it provides the benefits of avoiding polymer aging, membrane fouling, and high costs caused by high transmembrane pressures and frequent membrane cleaning. Traditional membrane separation that significantly suffers from membrane fouling due to either the formation of a cake layer of algal cells, or more commonly due to organic matter adsorption onto the membrane surface is significantly avoided.

Engineered stable multi-organism (or multi-cell type) communities encapsulated in a media that slows or prohibits certain metabolic functions such as cell division, but maintains other metabolic functions.

The invention relates to bio-electrochemical systems for the generation of methane from organic material and for reducing chemical oxygen demand and nitrogenous waste through denitrification. The invention further relates to an electrode for use in, and a system for, the adaptive control of bio-electrochemical systems as well as a fuel cell.

The present invention relates to a bio-electrochemical system (BES) and a method of in-situ production and removal of H.sub.2O.sub.2 using such a bio-electrochemical system (BES). Further, the invention relates to a method for in-situ control of H .sub.2O.sub.2 content in an aqueous system of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involving in-situ generation of hydroxyl radical (OH) by using such a bio-electrochemical system (BES) and to a method for treatment of wastewater and water disinfection. The bio-electrochemical system (BES) according to the invention comprises:—an aqueous cathode compartment comprising a first cathode and a second cathode,—an aqueous anode compartment comprising an anode at least partly covered in biofilm, wherein the first cathode is connected to a first circuit and the second cathode is connected to a second circuit, wherein the first and the second circuit are connected to the system by an external switch.

The application belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and relates to a biofilm electrochemical reactor for simultaneously removing nitrate nitrogen and trace organic matters in water. According to the principles of electrochemical reaction and products completely different under different cathode and anode material conditions, the reactor is divided into three functional regions, wherein first, an electrochemical reaction of producing hydrogen at a cathode and decomposing carbon at an anode is realized in a first functional region so as to provide a condition for reduction of nitrate nitrogen by a hydrogen autotrophic denitrifying bacteria of a particle electrode layer in a second functional region, after products generated by means of the electrochemical reaction and a biochemical reaction in the previous two functional regions enter a third functional region, pollutants such as trace organic components and residual ammonia nitrogen in water are oxidized and decomposed by using anodic oxidation function.

The present invention is directed to an anode including bacteria, a polymer, and a conductive material, wherein the bacteria, the polymer and the conductive material are deposited on at least one surface of the anode. Further provided is a microbial electrochemical system comprising the herein disclosed anode, and methods of using the same, such as for treating wastewater, hydrogen production, or generating electricity.

Microbial reactors are provided for ammonium oxidation. Briefly, a reactor comprises a medium including an ammonium component and a Feammox bacterium and/or enzyme(s) thereof capable of oxidizing ammonium with electron transfer to an anode in contact with the medium. As described further herein, use of the anode as an electron acceptor can mitigate or overcome the disadvantages associated Fe(III) acceptor. In some embodiments, for example, ammonium oxidation in the reactor can proceed in the absence of Fe(III) and/or other metal compounds operable to function as an electron acceptor in the medium. Moreover, the medium may further comprise one more contaminants in addition to the ammonium component.