A biological filler includes an embedding agent and an embedded complex. The embedded complex includes a scallop shell powder, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and Thiobacillus denitrificans. The embedding agent includes a poly(vinyl alcohol)-sodium alginate blend membrane and a crosslinked composite membrane. The embedded complex is embedded by the embedded agent.

The present invention relates to a treatment system having a barium carbonate (BaCO.sub.3) dispersed alkaline substrate (BDAS) for use in the remediation or at least partial remediation of mine drainage (MD) and/or environmental media contaminated with a source of MD. The invention utilizes chemical, biological and combined treatment systems remove high concentrations of sulfates, hardness, heavy metals and N-compounds, that may exist in the MD as well as high concentrations of alkalinity produced during the remediation process. The invention further extends to a process for treating MD and/or environmental media contaminated with MD and to an apparatus for use in this process.

The invention relates to a method for nitrogen removal from aqueous medium, comprising steps of (a) converting NH.sub.4.sup.+ in the aqueous medium to NO.sub.2.sup.− by partial aerobic nitrification, (b) partially reducing the obtained NO.sub.2.sup.− to N.sub.2O in anoxic conditions, and (c) decomposing N.sub.2O to N.sub.2 with energy recovery. A mixture of ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate is used in step (b) for reduction of NO.sub.2.sup.− to N.sub.2O.

A method and system for wastewater treatment based on dissolved oxygen control by a fuzzy neural network, the method for wastewater treatment comprising the following steps: (1) measuring art inlet water flow rate, an ORP value in an anaerobic tank, a DO value in an aerobic tank, an inlet water COD value, and an actual outlet water COD value; (2) collecting the measured sample data and sending them via a computer to a COD fuzzy neural network predictive model, so as to establish an outlet water COD predicted value, (3) comparing the outlet COD predicted value with the outlet water COD set value, so as to obtain an error and an error change rate, and using them as two input variables to adjust a suitable dissolved oxygen concentration. Accordingly, the on-line prediction and real-time control of dissolved oxygen wastewater treatment are achieved. The accurate control of dissolved oxygen concentration by the present method for wastewater treatment can achieve a saving in energy consumption while ensuring stable running of the sewage treatment system, and the outlet water quality meets the national emission standards.

A method and system for wastewater treatment based on dissolved oxygen control by a fuzzy neural network, the method for wastewater treatment comprising the following steps: (1) measuring art inlet water flow rate, an ORP value in an anaerobic tank, a DO value in an aerobic tank, an inlet water COD value, and an actual outlet water COD value; (2) collecting the measured sample data and sending them via a computer to a COD fuzzy neural network predictive model, so as to establish an outlet water COD predicted value, (3) comparing the outlet COD predicted value with the outlet water COD set value, so as to obtain an error and an error change rate, and using them as two input variables to adjust a suitable dissolved oxygen concentration. Accordingly, the on-line prediction and real-time control of dissolved oxygen wastewater treatment are achieved. The accurate control of dissolved oxygen concentration by the present method for wastewater treatment can achieve a saving in energy consumption while ensuring stable running of the sewage treatment system, and the outlet water quality meets the national emission standards.

This invention is a method for the processing of organic materials or organic wastes in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner. The invention works both in the anaerobic or aerobic state. Processing organic material is accomplished by forcing the flow of gas through a pile of material, containing some organic matter, with liquids and gravity. The movement of gas and liquids through the pile results in very large increases in microorganism populations, accelerated evolution of the microorganisms, and corresponding increases in the processing provided organic materials.

An upflow continuous backwash deep bed sand filter (UCBF) having a recycle line for returning carbonaceous denitrifying bacteria attached to biomass to the influent of the UCBF. The recycle line returns the biomass to the treatment process at a location upstream of the upflow continuous backwash filter. Further, a liquid level control unit is provided that reduces fluctuations and significant drop in the liquid level upstream of the upflow continuous backwash filter, thereby avoiding or minimizing flow turbulences, air induction, and undesirable wastewater aeration resulting in the need to dose excessive carbon source to remove dissolved oxygen in the aerated wastewater.

Method and system for treating wastewater includes treating sludge with ozone in a plug-flow type reactor to cause lysis of biosolids in the sludge. The ozonated sludge may be provided to an anaerobic or anoxic section of the wastewater treatment system to aid the denitrification processes occurring in the anaerobic or anoxic section of the wastewater treatment system or to other sections of the wastewater treatment system such as a fermenter, an aerobic digester, or an anaerobic digester.

A system and method for automatically controlling aeration and mixing processes are disclosed.

A method for the treatment of organic waste, the method comprising alternating steps of anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting conducted in a single reactor vessel, wherein at or about the completion of the anaerobic digestion step at least a portion of any free draining fluid from the reactor vessel is directed for reuse in subsequent anaerobic digestion steps, and solids remaining in the reactor vessel from the anaerobic digestion step are subjected to a dewatering step from which a liquid is obtained that is ultimately also directed, at least in part, for reuse in subsequent anaerobic digestion steps. A method for the management of biology in a batch process, wherein the batch process is an anaerobic digestion process, is also described.